Help:CS1 errors: Difference between revisions

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== Controlling error message display ==
== Controlling error message display ==
=== Preview messages ===
When editors preview an article, MediaWiki displays a preview message box under the Preview header.  When {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates have error or maintenance messages, [[Module:Citation/CS1]] summarizes those messages in the preview message box.  Such a message box might look something like this:
<div style="margin-left:1.6em" class="mw-message-box-warning mw-message-box"><p>This is only a preview; your changes have not yet been saved! <span class="mw-continue-editing"> [[#editform|→ Go to editing area]]</span>
</p><p>Script warning: {{color|#3a3|One or more {{mono|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:cite book|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}} templates have maintenance messages}}; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).</p><p>Script warning: {{color|#d33|One or more {{mono|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:cite journal|cite journal]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}} templates have errors}}; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).</p></div>
The summary messages have three components:
#'Script warning:' – this prefix is provided by MediaWiki;
#a colored ({{color|#3a3|green maintenance}} or {{color|#d33|red error}}) message that identifies the type of template that has a message with a link to that template's documentation; wrapper templates with messages will show the name of the wrapped template, and;
#'messages may be hidden' – the message suffix with a help link to this page.
Preview messages in the preview message box cannot be hidden.  The preview message suffix 'messages may be hidden' means that the template's message(s) may not be visible.  To learn how to show or hide template messages, see {{slink||Error and maintenance messages}}.


=== Error and maintenance messages ===
=== Error and maintenance messages ===
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<section begin="show_error_messages_help_text" /><section begin="show_all_messages_help_text" />By default, {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} <span style="color:#d33">error messages</span> are visible to all readers and <span style="color:#3a3">maintenance messages</span> are hidden from all readers.
<section begin="show_error_messages_help_text" /><section begin="show_all_messages_help_text" />By default, {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} <span style="color:#d33">error messages</span> are visible to all readers and <span style="color:#3a3">maintenance messages</span> are hidden from all readers.


To display <span style="color:#3a3">maintenance messages</span>, include the following text in your common [[Cascading Stylesheets|CSS]] page ([[Special:MyPage/common.css|common.css]]) or your specific skin's CSS page and ([[Special:MyPage/skin.css|skin.css]]).
To display <span style="color:#3a3">maintenance messages</span> in the rendered article, include the following text in your common [[Cascading Stylesheets|CSS]] page ([[Special:MyPage/common.css|common.css]]) or your specific skin's CSS page and ([[Special:MyPage/skin.css|skin.css]]).


(Note to new editors: those are pages that are specific to you, and control your view of pages, by adding to the [[CSS]] code. If you have not yet created such a page, then clicking one of the <code>.css</code> links above will yield a page whose first two lines of text are: '''''Wikipedia does not have a user page with this exact name. Before creating this page, please see Wikipedia:Subpages.''''' and '''''Start the User:(your username)/common.css page.''''' Click the second line to start creating the page, paste the text below, save the page, follow the instructions at the bottom of the new page on bypassing your browser's cache, and finally, in order to see the previously hidden maintenance messages, refresh the page you were editing earlier.)
(Note to new editors: those CSS pages are specific to you, and control your view of pages, by adding to your user account's [[CSS]] code. If you have not yet created such a page, then clicking one of the <code>.css</code> links above will yield a page that starts "Wikipedia does not have a [[user page]] with this exact name." Click the "Start the User:''username''/''filename'' page" link, paste the text below, save the page, follow the instructions at the bottom of the new page on bypassing your browser's cache, and finally, in order to see the previously hidden maintenance messages, refresh the page you were editing earlier.)


<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.mw-parser-output span.cs1-maint {display: inline;} /* display Citation Style 1 maintenance messages */</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.mw-parser-output span.cs1-maint {display: inline;} /* display Citation Style 1 maintenance messages */</syntaxhighlight>
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You can personalize the display of these messages (such as changing the color), but you will need to ask someone who knows CSS or at [[WP:VPT|the technical village pump]] if you do not understand how.
You can personalize the display of these messages (such as changing the color), but you will need to ask someone who knows CSS or at [[WP:VPT|the technical village pump]] if you do not understand how.


{{lang|la|Nota bene}}: these css rules are not obeyed by [[Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups|Navigation popups]].<section end="show_all_messages_help_text" /><section end="show_error_messages_help_text" />
{{lang|la|Nota bene}}: these css rules are not obeyed by [[Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups|Navigation popups]]. They also do not hide script warning messages in the Preview box that begins with "This is only a preview; your changes have not yet been saved".<section end="show_all_messages_help_text" /><section end="show_error_messages_help_text" />


=== Properties category highlighting ===
=== Properties category highlighting ===
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If you add this to your CSS that citation will render with a {{background|#FFC|pale yellow}} background:
If you add this to your CSS that citation will render with a {{background|#FFC|pale yellow}} background:
:<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.cs1-prop-long-vol {background: #FFC;}</syntaxhighlight>
:<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.cs1-prop-long-vol {background: #FFC;}</syntaxhighlight>
Add one or more of these (with appropriate styling) to your CSS to highlight template renderings when when those templates add the associated properties category:
Add one or more of these (with appropriate styling) to your CSS to highlight template renderings when those templates add the associated properties category:
::{{code|lang=css|.cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source {}|}} – subcategories of {{cl|CS1 foreign language sources}}
::{{code|lang=css|.cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source {}|}} – subcategories of {{cl|CS1 foreign language sources}}
::{{code|lang=css|.cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2 {}|}} – {{cl|CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)}}
::{{code|lang=css|.cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2 {}|}} – {{cl|CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)}}
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==Most common errors==
==Most common errors==
<!-- Items listed here with ~10k or more -->
<!-- Items listed here with ~10k or more -->
* [[#Cite &lt;template> requires %7C&lt;param>=]], ~54k pages
* [[#Cite &lt;template> requires %7C&lt;param>=]], ~48k pages
* [[#Citation without a title of any form]], ~33k pages
* [[#<periodical>= ignored]], ~35k pages
* [[#Cite uses generic name]], ~28k pages
* [[#Cite uses generic name]], ~30k pages
* [[#Bare URL without a title]], ~23k pages
* [[#Citation without a title of any form]], ~25k pages
* [[#External link in %7C&lt;param>=]], ~7k pages
* [[#Bare URL without a title]], ~15k pages
 


{{See also|Category:CS1 errors|Category:CS1 maintenance}}
{{See also|Category:CS1 errors|Category:CS1 maintenance}}
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Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_accessdate_missing_url|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="accessdate_missing_url_help_text" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_accessdate_missing_url|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="accessdate_missing_url_help_text" />
==<span id="archive_date_url_ts_mismatch">|archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch</span>==
<section begin="archive_date_url_ts_mismatch_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_archive_date_url_ts_mismatch}}
Archive.org and Archive.today URLs have a 14-digit snapshot timestamp.  This error message is displayed when the archive snapshot date is not the same as the date stated in {{para|archive-date}}.
To resolve this error, make sure that {{para|archive-url}} and {{para|archive-date}} refer to the same snapshot.  This could mean that values assigned to either or both parameters need to be updated. To get the correct {{para|archive-date}} value, view the archived page's source, looking for a line near the bottom that starts with "FILE ARCHIVED ON". The archive date should appear on that line.
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_archive_date_url_ts_mismatch|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="archive_date_url_ts_mismatch_help_text" />
Pages with this error in the tracking category can be fixed by the bot [[WP:WAYBACKMEDIC]]. Requests to run the bot can be made at [[WP:URLREQ]].
==<span id="archive_date_missing_url">|archive-date= requires |archive-url= </span>==
<section begin="archive_date_missing_url_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_archive_date_missing_url}}
{{para|archive-date}}, identifies the date that the web resource was archived.  Without a matching {{para|archive-url}} parameter, {{para|archive-date}} is meaningless.
To resolve this error, provide a value for {{para|archive-url}} or remove {{para|archive-date}}
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_archive_date_missing_url|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="archive_date_missing_url_help_text" />


==<span id="archive_url">|archive-url= is malformed </span>==
==<span id="archive_url">|archive-url= is malformed </span>==
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<section begin="chapter_ignored_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_chapter_ignored|$1=chapter}}
<section begin="chapter_ignored_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_chapter_ignored|$1=chapter}}


{{cs1}} templates {{tlx|cite web}}, {{tlx|cite news}}, {{tlx|cite journal}}, {{tlx|cite magazine}}, {{tlx|cite press release}}, {{tlx|cite podcast}}, {{tlx|cite newsgroup}}, as well as template {{tlx|citation}} when it uses {{para|work}} or any of its aliases, do not support {{para|chapter}} or the aliases {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entry}}, {{para|article}}, or {{para|section}}.
{{cs1}} templates {{tlx|cite web}}, {{tlx|cite news}}, {{tlx|cite journal}}, {{tlx|cite magazine}}, {{tlx|cite press release}}, {{tlx|cite podcast}}, {{tlx|cite newsgroup}}, as well as template {{tlx|citation}} when it uses {{para|work}} or any of its aliases, do not support {{para|chapter}} and its components {{para|trans-chapter}}, {{para|script-chapter}}, {{para|chapter-url}}, and {{para|chapter-format}}.  The alias parameters {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entry}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|section}}, and their components, are similarly not supported.


To resolve this error:
To resolve this error:
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* [[hair space]], U+200A
* [[hair space]], U+200A
* [[zero-width space]], U+200B
* [[zero-width space]], U+200B
* [[zero-width joiner]], U+200D
* [[zero-width joiner]], U+200D (note that these are permitted as part of emoji modifiers; see note below)
* [[horizontal tab]], U+0009 (HT)
* [[horizontal tab]], U+0009 (HT)
* [[line feed]], U+0010 (LF)
* [[line feed]], U+0010 (LF)
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Because these characters are mostly invisible, the error message identifies the character's position in the parameter value counted from the left. Space characters between the assignment operator (the '=' sign) and the parameter value are not counted. If you move through the citation with the arrow keys then the cursor may stand still once at an invisible character, which can be removed with {{keypress|Delete}} or {{keypress|Backspace}}. If you copy-paste a string to the "Characters" field at https://r12a.github.io/app-conversion/ and click "View in UniView" then the position and name of all characters is shown.
Because these characters are mostly invisible, the error message identifies the character's position in the parameter value counted from the left. Space characters between the assignment operator (the '=' sign) and the parameter value are not counted. If you move through the citation with the arrow keys then the cursor may stand still once at an invisible character, which can be removed with {{keypress|Delete}} or {{keypress|Backspace}}. If you copy-paste a string to the "Characters" field at https://r12a.github.io/app-conversion/ and click "View in UniView" then the position and name of all characters is shown.
[[Zero-width joiner]] characters (U+200D) are used as a valid part of emoji modification (for example, adding a skull emoji to a flag emoji to create a pirate flag emoji). When new modifiers are added to the emoji character set, which happens one or two times per year, those modifiers need to be added to the Citation Style 1 "Configuration" module. Editors can request this addition at [[Help talk:Citation Style 1]].


{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_invisible_char|$1=&lt;name> stripmarker|$2=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param>=</code>|$3={{var|n}}}}
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_invisible_char|$1=&lt;name> stripmarker|$2=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param>=</code>|$3={{var|n}}}}
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To resolve this error, ensure that the {{para|asin}} value is correct.
To resolve this error, ensure that the {{para|asin}} value is correct.


If the {{para|asin}} value is correct and all-numeric, use {{para|isbn}} instead and delete any {{para|asin-tld}} parameters.  Articles with CS1 citations that use {{para|asin}} with all numeric values are categorized in {{cl|CS1 maint: ASIN uses ISBN}}.
If the {{para|asin}} value is correct and all-numeric, use {{para|isbn}} instead and delete any {{para|asin-tld}} parameters.   


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_asin|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_asin_help_text" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_asin|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_asin_help_text" />
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To resolve this error, ensure that the date is an actual date and that the date format follows the [[MOS:DATEFORMAT|Wikipedia Manual of Style's guidance on dates]] in the named parameter. See [[Help:CS1 errors#ExamplesOfUnacceptableDates|examples of unacceptable dates and how to fix them]], below.  Or, some conceptual issues to look for:
To resolve this error, ensure that the date is an actual date and that the date format follows the [[MOS:DATEFORMAT|Wikipedia Manual of Style's guidance on dates]] in the named parameter. See [[Help:CS1 errors#ExamplesOfUnacceptableDates|examples of unacceptable dates and how to fix them]], below.  Or, some conceptual issues to look for:
* impossible dates, such as 29 February 2011 (2011 was not a leap year)
* impossible dates, such as 29 February 2011 (2011 was not a leap year)
* {{para|access-date}} must specify a day, not just a month or year.
* {{para|access-date}} must specify a day, not just a month or year
* {{para|archive-date}} must specify a whole date
* misplaced, incorrect, or extraneous punctuation
* misplaced, incorrect, or extraneous punctuation
* misplaced, incorrect, or extraneous spacing
* extraneous text  
* extraneous text  
* hyphens or slashes instead of en dashes in date ranges (en dashes are required)  
* hyphens or slashes instead of en dashes in date ranges (en dashes are required)  
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* other unacceptable date formats listed in [[MOS:BADDATEFORMAT]]
* other unacceptable date formats listed in [[MOS:BADDATEFORMAT]]
* more than one date in a date-holding parameter
* more than one date in a date-holding parameter
* days of the week (such as Monday, June 6 instead of June 6)
* years before 100 AD, including BCE/BC dates. Try using parameter {{para|orig-date}} instead.  
* years before 100 AD, including BCE/BC dates. Try using parameter {{para|orig-date}} instead.  


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Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_lccn|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_lccn_help_text" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_lccn|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_lccn_help_text" />
==<span id="bad_medrxiv">Check |medrxiv= value</span>==
<section begin="bad_medrxiv_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_medrxiv}}
When {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates contain {{para|medrxiv}}, a test is done to see if the [[medRxiv]] identifier has the proper form.  The medRxiv identifier begins with medRxiv's doi directory indicator and registrant code (10.1101) and followed by:
: ymd format date prefix followed by eight numeric characters without punctuation or spaces followed by optional version:
:: {{para|medrxiv|10.1101/yyyy.mm.dd.########v#}} where:
::: <code>yyyy.mm.dd.</code> – represents a date no earlier than 1 January 2020 (<code>2020.01.01.</code>) and no later than tomorrow's date; date must be a valid date
::: <code>########</code> – 8-digit medRxiv identifier
::: <code>v#</code> – optional version indicator
A common error is to include the medRxiv ''URL'' (<code>{{red|<nowiki>https://dx.doi.org/</nowiki>}}10.1101/yyyy.mm.dd.########}}</code>).
To resolve this error, ensure that the {{para|medrxiv}} value is correct.
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_medrxiv|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_medrxiv_help_text" />


==<span id="bad_message_id">Check |message-id= value</span>==
==<span id="bad_message_id">Check |message-id= value</span>==
<section begin="bad_message_id_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_usenet_id}}
<section begin="bad_message_id_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_usenet_id}}


The {{para|message-id}} parameter holds the unique identifier associated with a netnews message.<ref>{{cite web |url=//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536 |title=Netnews Article Format |website=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]] |at=[//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.3 3.1.3] |rfc=5536 |date=November 2009}}</ref>  The value in {{para|message-id}} is checked to make sure that it contains <code>@</code> between left and right identifiers. {{para|message-id}} is also checked to make sure that the first character is not <code>&lt;</code> and the last character is not <code>></code>. [[Module:Citation/CS1]] adds the [[URI scheme]] <code>news:</code> to the value in {{para|message-id}}.  If the value in {{para|message-id}} is wrapped in <code><...></code> characters, the link created fails.
The {{para|message-id}} parameter holds the unique identifier associated with a netnews message.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536 |title=Netnews Article Format |website=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]] |at=[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.3 3.1.3] |rfc=5536 |date=November 2009}}</ref>  The value in {{para|message-id}} is checked to make sure that it contains <code>@</code> between left and right identifiers. {{para|message-id}} is also checked to make sure that the first character is not <code>&lt;</code> and the last character is not <code>></code>. [[Module:Citation/CS1]] adds the [[URI scheme]] <code>news:</code> to the value in {{para|message-id}}.  If the value in {{para|message-id}} is wrapped in <code><...></code> characters, the link created fails.


Further validation is not performed.
Further validation is not performed.
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==<span id="bad_url">Check |url= value</span>==
==<span id="bad_url">Check |url= value</span>==
<section begin="bad_url_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_url|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}url=</code>}}
<section begin="bad_url_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{plainlist|
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_url|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}url=</code>}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_url|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}archive-url=</code>}}}}


External links in {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates are made from two parts: the ''title'' ({{para|title}}, {{para|chapter}}, etc.) and the ''URL'' ({{para|url}}, {{para|archive-url}}, {{para|chapter-url}}, {{para|lay-url}}, etc.). The {{para|url}} parameter and other URL parameters must begin with a supported [[URI scheme]]. The URI schemes <code>http://</code>, <code>https://</code> and the protocol relative scheme <code>//</code> are most commonly used; <code>irc://</code>, <code>ircs://</code>, <code>ftp://</code>, <code>news:</code>, <code>mailto:</code> and <code>gopher://</code> are also supported.
External links in {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates are made from two parts: the ''title'' ({{para|title}}, {{para|chapter}}, etc.) and the ''URL'' ({{para|url}}, {{para|archive-url}}, {{para|chapter-url}}, etc.). The {{para|url}} parameter and other URL parameters must begin with a supported [[URI scheme]]. The URI schemes <code>http://</code>, <code>https://</code>, and the protocol relative scheme <code>//</code> are most commonly used; <code>irc://</code>, <code>ircs://</code>, <code>ftp://</code>, <code>news:</code>, <code>mailto:</code> and <code>gopher://</code> are also supported.


The URL field is checked to ensure that it contains only Latin characters and does not contain spaces.  The URL may be protocol relative (begins with <code>//</code>).  If there are no spaces and the URL is not protocol relative, then the scheme must comply with <nowiki>RFC 3986</nowiki>.<ref>{{citation |mode=cs1 |contribution-url=http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 |contribution=Scheme |title=Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax |publisher=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]] |date=January 2005 |rfc=3986}}</ref>   
The URL scheme and host are checked to ensure that they contain only Latin characters, certain (required) punctuation, and do not contain spaces.  The URL may be protocol relative (begins with <code>//</code>).  If there are no spaces and the URL is not protocol relative, then the scheme must comply with <nowiki>RFC 3986</nowiki>.<ref>{{citation |mode=cs1 |contribution-url=http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 |contribution=Scheme |title=Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax |publisher=[[Internet Engineering Task Force]] |date=January 2005 |rfc=3986}}</ref>
 
Some URL domains are written with non-Latin characters. cs1|2 does not accept those kinds of URLs so they must be '[[Internationalized domain name|internationalized]]'.  Online tools are available to internationalize URLs that are written in non-Latin scripts:
* {{cite web |url=https://www.verisign.com/en_US/channel-resources/domain-registry-products/idn/idn-conversion-tool/index.xhtml?loc=en_US |title=IDN Conversion Tool |website=Verisign }}


Top- and second-level domain names are checked for proper form.  Generally, top-level domain names must be two or more letters; second-level domain names must be two or more letters, digits, or hyphens (first and last character must be a letter or digit).  [[Single-letter second-level domain]]s are supported for:
Top- and second-level domain names are checked for proper form.  Generally, top-level domain names must be two or more letters; second-level domain names must be two or more letters, digits, or hyphens (first and last character must be a letter or digit).  [[Single-letter second-level domain]]s are supported for:
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* certain letters of the [[.com]] TLD (q, x, z)
* certain letters of the [[.com]] TLD (q, x, z)
* certain letters of the [[.net]] TLD (i, q)
* certain letters of the [[.net]] TLD (i, q)
* certain other TLDs ({{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|single_ltr_2nd_lvl_domain_lister}})
Third- and subsequent-level domain names are not checked.  The path portion of the URL is not checked.
Third- and subsequent-level domain names are not checked.  The path portion of the URL is not checked.


{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_url|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}archive-url=</code>}}
There is an additional test for {{para|archive-url}}.  The cs1|2 templates expect that {{para|archive-url}} will hold a unique URL for an archived snapshot of the source identified by {{para|url}} or {{para|chapter-url}} (or any of its aliases).  This error message is emitted when the value assigned to {{para|archive-url}} is the same as the matching title or chapter URL. 


The cs1|2 templates expect that {{para|archive-url}} will hold a unique URL for an archived snapshot of the source identified by {{para|url}} or {{para|chapter-url}} (or any of its aliases).  This error message is emitted when the value assigned to {{para|archive-url}} is the same as the matching title or chapter URL. 
To resolve this error, ensure that:
 
*{{para|url}} and other URL parameters contain valid URLs
To resolve this error, ensure that {{para|url}} and other URL parameters contain valid URLs.  Online tools are available to [[Internationalized domain name|internationalize]] URLs that are written in non-Latin scripts:
*URLs copy-pasted from elsewhere include the URI scheme
* {{cite web |url=https://www.verisign.com/en_US/channel-resources/domain-registry-products/idn/idn-conversion-tool/index.xhtml?loc=en_US |title=IDN Conversion Tool |website=Verisign }}
*that the domain name uses only Latin characters


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_url|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_url_help_text" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_url|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_url_help_text" />
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*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_param_unknown_empty|$1=s|$2=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param1>=</code>, <code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param2>=</code>, ...}}}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_param_unknown_empty|$1=s|$2=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param1>=</code>, <code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param2>=</code>, ...}}}}


This error message is hidden.  To show this error message see [[Help:CS1 errors#Controlling error message display|Controlling error message display]].
This error message highlights CS1|2 templates that hold empty parameters with names that are not known to a given CS1|2 template.  This error message is a companion to [[Help:CS1 errors#parameter_ignored|Unknown parameter {{pipe}}xxxx= ignored]].
 
This error message highlights CS1|2 templates that hold empty parameters with names that are not known to CS1|2.  This error message is a companion to [[Help:CS1 errors#parameter_ignored|Unknown parameter {{pipe}}xxxx= ignored]].


Empty positional parameters, which typically look like two adjacent pipes in a template, <code><nowiki>| |</nowiki></code>, or a pipe and then the end of the template, <code><nowiki>|}}</nowiki></code>, are identified as numbered parameters: {{error-small|{{para|1|plain=yes}}}}.  Similarly, a pipe followed by an HTML comment that encloses everything before the next pipe or closing brace, <code>| &lt;!--&lt;{{var|param name/value pair}}>--> |</code> will be identified as an empty numbered parameter. Parameters that have both a pipe and an equal sign but do not have a name are identified as empty-string parameters: <code>|=</code> or <code>| =</code> → {{error-small|{{para|(empty string)|plain=yes}}}}.  Various templates that wrap CS1|2 templates may cause this error when they use constructs like this: <code><nowiki>|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|title}}={{{2|}}}</nowiki></code>.  When <code><nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki></code> does not have a value, the template creates <code>|=</code>.
Empty positional parameters, which typically look like two adjacent pipes in a template, <code><nowiki>| |</nowiki></code>, or a pipe and then the end of the template, <code><nowiki>|}}</nowiki></code>, are identified as numbered parameters: {{error-small|{{para|1|plain=yes}}}}.  Similarly, a pipe followed by an HTML comment that encloses everything before the next pipe or closing brace, <code>| &lt;!--&lt;{{var|param name/value pair}}>--> |</code> will be identified as an empty numbered parameter. Parameters that have both a pipe and an equal sign but do not have a name are identified as empty-string parameters: <code>|=</code> or <code>| =</code> → {{error-small|{{para|(empty string)|plain=yes}}}}.  Various templates that wrap CS1|2 templates may cause this error when they use constructs like this: <code><nowiki>|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|title}}={{{2|}}}</nowiki></code>.  When <code><nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki></code> does not have a value, the template creates <code>|=</code>.


To resolve this error, remove the extra pipe, correct the parameter name, or remove the parameter from the CS1|2 template.
To resolve this error:
* remove the extra pipe,  
* correct the parameter name,  
* remove the parameter from the CS1|2 template, or
* change the citation to use a more appropriate template (e.g. change {{tl|Cite document}} to {{tl|Cite web}})


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_param_unknown_empty|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="param_unknown_empty_help_text" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_param_unknown_empty|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="param_unknown_empty_help_text" />


==<span id="missing_periodical"></span>Cite &lt;template> requires |&lt;param>===
==<span id="missing_publisher"></span>Cite document requires |publisher===
<section begin="missing_periodical_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_missing_periodical|$1=&lt;template>|$2=&lt;param>}}
<section begin="missing_publisher_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_missing_publisher|$1=document|$2=publisher}}
 
This error message is displayed when {{tlx|Cite document}} does not have {{para|publisher}}.  Usually, there is a more appropriate template that can be used in place of {{tld|cite document}}.  When {{tld|cite document}} is used, it  accepts a limited subset of the cs1|2 parameter suite but requires {{para|publisher}}.
 
To resolve this error, use a more appropriate template (preferred solution) or provide {{para|publisher}}.
 
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_missing_publisher|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="missing_publisher_help_text" />
 
==<span id="missing_periodical"></span>Cite &lt;template> requires |&lt;param>===
<section begin="missing_periodical_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_missing_periodical|$1=&lt;template>|$2=&lt;param>}}


This error message is hidden.  To show this error message see [[Help:CS1 errors#Controlling error message display|Controlling error message display]].
This error message is hidden.  To show this error message see [[Help:CS1 errors#Controlling error message display|Controlling error message display]].
Line 786: Line 855:
! style="width: 6em;" | Date
! style="width: 6em;" | Date
|-
|-
| {{para|lay-date}}<!-- none deprecated at present -->|| rowspan="4" | if the source named by these parameters is important to the Wikipedia article, create a cs1|2 template for that source with all of the appropriate bibliographic information<!-- --> || rowspan="4" |2021-01-03
| none deprecated at present || ||
|-
| {{para|lay-format}}
|-
| {{para|lay-source}}
|-
| {{para|lay-url}}
|-
| {{para|transcripturl}} || {{para|transcript-url}} || 2022-01-22
|}<section end="deprecated_params_table" /><section end="deprecated_params_help_text" /><section begin="deleted_params_table" />
|}<section end="deprecated_params_table" /><section end="deprecated_params_help_text" /><section begin="deleted_params_table" />
<!-- Support for the following parameter aliases was recently removed. Usage in mainspace should be about zero, and hints for them added to the suggestion list. However, as they may occasionally pop up again through copy&paste or usage of old scripts for some while, list them here as well for users coming here searching for help. -->
<!-- Support for the following parameter aliases was recently removed. Usage in mainspace should be about zero, and hints for them added to the suggestion list. However, as they may occasionally pop up again through copy&paste or usage of old scripts for some while, list them here as well for users coming here searching for help. -->
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters
|+ Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters
! style="width: 12em;" | Removed parameter !! Replace with !! style="width: 6em;" | Date
! style="width: 12em;" | Removed parameter !! Replace with !! style="width: 6em;" | Date !! Note
<!-- |-
<!-- |-
| none removed at present
| none removed at present
| -->
| -->
|-
|-
| {{para|authorfirst}}
| {{para|deadurl|yes}}
| {{para|author-first}}
| rowspan="2" | {{para|url-status|dead}}
| October 2020
| rowspan="2" | September&nbsp;2019
| rowspan="2" | Gets reinserted into mainspace by old scripts, so continue to list until resolved
|-
|-
| {{para|authorfirst{{var|n}}}}
| {{para|dead-url|yes}}<!-- deprecation already some while ago, but gets reinserted into mainspace by old scripts, so continue to list until resolved  -->
| {{para|author-first{{var|n}}}}
| October 2020
|-
|-
| {{para|author{{var|n}}first}}
| {{para|lay-date}}
| {{para|author{{var|n}}-first}}
| (delete)
| October 2020
| rowspan="3" | August 2023
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|-
| {{para|authorgiven}}
| {{para|lay-source}}
| {{para|author-given}}
| (delete)
| October 2020
|-
|-
| {{para|authorgiven{{var|n}}}}
| {{para|lay-url}}
| {{para|author-given{{var|n}}}}
| (delete)
| October 2020
|-
|-
| {{para|author{{var|n}}given}}
| {{para|registration}}<!-- deprecation already some while ago, but gets reinserted into mainspace by old scripts, so continue to list until resolved -->
| {{para|author{{var|n}}-given}}
| {{para|url-access|registration}}
| October 2020
| rowspan="2" | January 2020
| rowspan="2" | Gets reinserted into mainspace by old scripts, so continue to list until resolved
|-
|-
| {{para|authorlast}}
| {{para|subscription}}<!-- deprecation already some while ago, but gets reinserted into mainspace by old scripts, so continue to list until resolved -->
| {{para|author-last}}
| {{para|url-access|subscription}}
| October 2020
|-
|-
| {{para|authorlast{{var|n}}}}
| {{para|transcripturl}}
| {{para|author-last{{var|n}}}}
| {{para|transcript-url}}
| October 2020
| August 2023
|-
|}<section end="deleted_params_table" />
| {{para|author{{var|n}}last}}
 
| {{para|author{{var|n}}-last}}
==<span id="generic_name">Cite uses generic name</span>==
| October 2020
<section begin="generic_name_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_generic_name|$1=&lt;param>}}
|-
 
| {{para|authormask}}
Articles are listed in this category when [[Module:Citation/CS1]] identifies template author or editor name parameters that use place-holder names.  Such names may have been provided by bots or other tools that are unable to identify the source's correct names.  Pages in this category should only be added by Module:Citation/CS1.
| {{para|author-mask}}
 
| January 2021
CS1|2 maintains a short list of 'names' that are typically not the correct names for the cited source.  Some examples are:
|-
{{div col begin |colwidth=15em}}
| {{para|authormask{{var|n}}}}
*<code>about us</code>
| {{para|author-mask{{var|n}}}}
*<code>author</code>
| January 2021
*<code>collaborator</code>
|-
*<code>contributor</code>
| {{para|author{{var|n}}mask}}
*<code>contact us</code>
| {{para|author{{var|n}}-mask}}
*<code>directory</code>
| January 2021
*<code>editor</code>
|-
*<code>email</code>
| {{para|authorsurname}}
*<code>facebook</code>
| {{para|author-surname}}
*<code>google</code>
| October 2020
*<code>home page</code>
|-
*<code>instagram</code>
| {{para|authorsurname{{var|n}}}}
*<code>interviewer</code>
| {{para|author-surname{{var|n}}}}
*<code>linkedIn</code>
| October 2020
*<code>pinterest</code>
|-
*<code>policy</code>
| {{para|author{{var|n}}surname}}
*<code>privacy</code>
| {{para|author{{var|n}}-surname}}
*<code>translator</code>
| October 2020
*<code>tumblr</code>
|-
*<code>twitter</code>
| {{para|booktitle}}
*<code>site name</code>
| {{para|book-title}}
*<code>statement</code>
| May 2021
*<code>submitted</code>
|-
*<code>super user</code>
| {{para|chapterurl}}
*<code>user</code>
| {{para|chapter-url}}
*<code>verfasser</code>
| May 2021
{{div col end}}
|-
If you are aware of other common place-holder names, please report them at [[Help talk:Citation Style 1]], so that they can be added to the list.
| {{para|conferenceurl}}
 
| {{para|conference-url}}
To resolve this error, replace the place-holder name with the source's actual author or editor name, or use a more appropriate parameter.
| April 2021
 
|-
Example fixes:
| {{para|contributionurl}}
* Replace {{para|author|Smith, Jane, editor}} with {{para|editor|Smith, Jane}}
| {{para|contribution-url}}
* Replace <code><nowiki>|author=[[Jane Smith (author)|Jane Smith]]</nowiki></code> with <code><nowiki>|first=Jane |last=Smith |author-link=Jane Smith (author)</nowiki></code> (preferably) or <code><nowiki>|author=Jane Smith |author-link=Jane Smith (author)</nowiki></code>
| April 2021
 
|-
False positives are possible. When the name is valid, wrap the parameter value in the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup|accept-this-as-written markup]]:
| {{para|deadurl|yes}}<!-- deprecation already some while ago, but gets reinserted into mainspace by old scripts, so continue to list until resolved -->
:{{para|author|((Super User))}}
| {{para|url-status|dead}}
Please do not use this markup when it is not appropriate.
| September&nbsp;2019
 
|-
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_generic_name|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" />
| {{para|dead-url|yes}}<!-- deprecation already some while ago, but gets reinserted into mainspace by old scripts, so continue to list until resolved -->
 
| {{para|url-status|dead}}
See also the error category [[:Category:CS1 errors: generic title]].<section end="generic_name_help_text" />
| September 2019
 
|-
==<span id="generic_title">Cite uses generic title</span>==
| {{para|displayauthors}}
<section begin="generic_title_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_generic_title}}
| {{para|display-authors}}
 
| January 2021
Articles are listed in this category when [[Module:Citation/CS1]] identifies template {{para|title}} parameters that use place-holder titles.  Such titles may have been provided by bots or other tools that are unable to identify the source's correct title.  Pages in this category should only be added by Module:Citation/CS1.
|-
 
| {{para|displayeditors}}
CS1|2 maintains a short list of 'titles' that are typically not the title of the cited source.  Some examples are:
| {{para|display-editors}}
{{div col begin |colwidth=15em}}
| October 2020
*<code>404</code>
|-
*<code>are you a robot</code>
| {{para|doi-broken}}
*<code>hugedomains.com</code>
| {{para|doi-broken-date}}
*<code>internet archive wayback machine</code>
| October 2020
*<code>log into facebook</code>
|-
*<code>login • instagram</code>
| {{para|doi-inactive-date}}
*<code>no title</code> – various forms
| {{para|doi-broken-date}}
*<code>page not found</code>
| October 2020
*<code>redirecting...</code>
|-
*<code>subscribe to read</code>
| {{para|editorfirst}}
*<code>unknown</code> – various forms
| {{para|editor-first}}
*<code>usurped title</code>
| October 2020
*<code>wayback machine</code>
|-
*<code>webcite query result</code>
| {{para|editorfirst{{var|n}}}}
*<code>website is for sale</code>
| {{para|editor-first{{var|n}}}}
*<code>wikiwix's cache</code>
| October 2020
{{div col end}}
|-
If you are aware of other common place-holder titles, please report them at [[Help talk:Citation Style 1]], so that they can be added to the list.
| {{para|editor{{var|n}}first}}
 
| {{para|editor{{var|n}}-first}}
To resolve this error, replace the place-holder title with the source's actual title.
| October 2020
 
|-
False positives are possible. When the name is valid, wrap the parameter value in the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup|accept-this-as-written markup]]:
| {{para|editorgiven}}
:{{para|title|((404th Fighter Aviation Regiment))}}
| {{para|editor-given}}
Please do not use this markup when it is not appropriate.
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|editorgiven{{var|n}}}}
| {{para|editor-given{{var|n}}}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|editor{{var|n}}given}}
| {{para|editor{{var|n}}-given}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|editorlast}}
| {{para|editor-last}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|editorlast{{var|n}}}}
| {{para|editor-last{{var|n}}}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|editor{{var|n}}last}}
| {{para|editor{{var|n}}-last}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|editorlink}}
| {{para|editor-link}}
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|editorlink{{var|n}}}}
| {{para|editor-link{{var|n}}}}
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|editor{{var|n}}link}}
| {{para|editor{{var|n}}-link}}
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|editors}}
| {{para|editor}} (one editor) or {{para|editor{{var|n}}}} (more than one editor) or {{para|veditors}} (for Vancouver style editors). Consider splitting {{para|editor{{var|n}}}} into {{para|editor-first{{var|n}}}} and {{para|editor-last{{var|n}}}}, if possible. Consider {{para|editor-mask{{var|n}}}}, if annotation is required.
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|editorsurname}}
| {{para|editor-surname}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|editorsurname{{var|n}}}}
| {{para|editor-surname{{var|n}}}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|editor{{var|n}}surname}}
| {{para|editor{{var|n}}-surname}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|editormask}}
| {{para|editor-mask}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|editormask{{var|n}}}}
| {{para|editor-mask{{var|n}}}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|editor{{var|n}}mask}}
| {{para|editor{{var|n}}-mask}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|embargo}}
| {{para|pmc-embargo-date}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|episodelink}}
| {{para|episode-link}}
| May 2021
|-
| {{para|event-format}}
| (delete)
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|eventurl}}
| (delete)
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|event-url}}
| (delete)
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|ignoreisbnerror}}
| {{para|isbn|((&lt;{{var|isbn}}>))}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|ignore-isbn-error}}
| {{para|isbn|((&lt;{{var|isbn}}>))}}
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|interviewerlink}}
| {{para|interviewer-link}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|interviewerlink{{var|n}}}}<!-- for completeness only -->
| {{para|interviewer-link{{var|n}}}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|interviewer{{var|n}}link}}<!-- for completeness only -->
| {{para|interviewer{{var|n}}-link}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|interviewermask}}
| {{para|interviewer-mask}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|interviewermask{{var|n}}}}<!-- for completeness only -->
| {{para|interviewer-mask{{var|n}}}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|interviewer{{var|n}}mask}}<!-- for completeness only -->
| {{para|interviewer{{var|n}}-mask}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|last-author-amp}}
| {{para|name-list-style|amp}}
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|lastauthoramp}}
| {{para|name-list-style|amp}}
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|laydate}}
| {{para|lay-date}}
| April 2021
|-
| {{para|laysource}}
| {{para|lay-source}}
| April 2021
|-
| {{para|layurl}}
| {{para|lay-url}}
| April 2021
|-
| {{para|mailinglist}}
| {{para|mailing-list}}
| May 2021
|-
| {{para|mapurl}}
| {{para|map-url}}
| May 2021
|-
| {{para|name-list-format}}
| {{para|name-list-style}}
| April 2021
|-
| {{para|nocat}}
| {{para|no-tracking}}
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|no-cat}}
| {{para|no-tracking}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|nopp}}
| {{para|no-pp}}
| May 2021
|-
| {{para|notracking}}
| {{para|no-tracking}}
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|publicationdate}}
| {{para|publication-date}}
| May 2021
|-
| {{para|publicationplace}}
| {{para|publication-place}}
| May 2021
|-
| {{para|registration}}<!-- deprecation already some while ago, but gets reinserted into mainspace by old scripts, so continue to list until resolved -->
| {{para|url-access|registration}}
| January 2020
|-
| {{para|sectionurl}}
| {{para|section-url}}
| April 2021
|-
| {{para|serieslink}}
| {{para|series-link}}
| May 2021
|-
| {{para|seriesno}}
| {{para|series-no}}
| April 2021
|-
| {{para|seriesnumber}}
| {{para|series-number}}
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|series-separator}}
| (delete)
| October 2020
|-
| {{para|subjectlink}}
| {{para|subject-link}}
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|subjectlink{{var|n}}}}
| {{para|subject-link{{var|n}}}}
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|subject{{var|n}}link}}
| {{para|subject{{var|n}}-link}}
| January 2021
|-
| {{para|subscription}}<!-- deprecation already some while ago, but gets reinserted into mainspace by old scripts, so continue to list until resolved -->
| {{para|url-access|subscription}}
| January 2020
|-
| {{para|timecaption}}
| {{para|time-caption}}
| April 2021
|-
| {{para|titlelink}}
| {{para|title-link}}
| April 2021
|-
| <s>{{para|transcripturl}}</s>
| <s>{{para|transcript-url}}</s> restored January 2022 as deprecated
| <s>May 2021</s>
|}<section end="deleted_params_table" />


==<span id="generic_name">Cite uses generic name</span>==
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_generic_title|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" />
<section begin="generic_name_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_generic_name|$1=&lt;param>}}


Articles are listed in this category when [[Module:Citation/CS1]] identifies template author or editor name parameters that use place-holder names.  Such names may have been provided by bots or other tools that are unable to identify the source's correct names.  Pages in this category should only be added by Module:Citation/CS1.
See also the maintenance category [[:Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title]] and the similar error category [[:Category:CS1 errors: generic name]].<section end="generic_title_help_text" />


CS1|2 maintains a short list of 'names' that are typically not the correct names for the cited source.  Some examples are:
==<span id="citeseerx_missing">|citeseerx= required</span>==
{{div col begin |colwidth=15em}}
<section begin="citeseerx_missing_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_citeseerx_missing}}
*<code>about us</code>
 
*<code>author</code>
{{tlx|cite citeseerx}} requires the identifier parameter {{para|citeseerx}}.
*<code>collaborator</code>
 
*<code>contributor</code>
To resolve this error, ensure that the template has {{para|citeseerx}} with a properly constructed value.
*<code>contact us</code>
 
*<code>directory</code>
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_citeseerx_missing|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="citeseerx_missing_help_text" />
*<code>editor</code>
 
*<code>email</code>
==<span id="class_ignored">|class= ignored</span>==
*<code>facebook</code>
<section begin="class_ignored_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_class_ignored}}
*<code>google</code>
 
*<code>home page</code>
Only used in {{tlx|cite arXiv}} templates, {{para|class}} is only appropriate when the template uses {{para|arxiv|YYMM.NNNN}} or {{para|arxiv|YYMM.NNNNN}} identifier formats; see [[Template:Cite arXiv#Usage|Cite arXiv §Usage]].
*<code>instagram</code>
 
*<code>interviewer</code>
To resolve this error, remove {{para|class}}.
*<code>linkedIn</code>
*<code>pinterest</code>
*<code>policy</code>
*<code>privacy</code>
*<code>translator</code>
*<code>tumblr</code>
*<code>twitter</code>
*<code>site name</code>
*<code>statement</code>
*<code>submitted</code>
*<code>super user</code>
*<code>user</code>
*<code>verfasser</code>
{{div col end}}
If you are aware of other common place-holder names, please report them at [[Help talk:Citation Style 1]], so that they can be added to the list.


To resolve this error, replace the place-holder name with the source's actual author or editor name, or use a more appropriate parameter.
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_class_ignored|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="class_ignored_help_text" />


Example fixes:
==<span id="contributor_ignored">|contributor= ignored</span>==
* Replace {{para|author|Smith, Jane, editor}} with {{para|editor|Smith, Jane}}
<section begin="contributor_ignored_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_contributor_ignored}}
* Replace <code><nowiki>|author=[[Jane Smith (author)|Jane Smith]]</nowiki></code> with <code><nowiki>|author=Jane Smith |author-link=Jane Smith (author)</nowiki></code>


False positives are possible. When the name is valid, wrap the parameter value in the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup|accept-this-as-written markup]]:
Only used in book citations, {{para|contributor}} identifies the author of a contribution, typically an afterword, foreword, introduction, preface, etc., to another (primary) author's work. This error occurs when {{para|contributor}} is used in a template that is not {{tlx|cite book}} or {{tlx|citation}} or is one of these two templates and one of the {{para|work}} parameter aliases is set. 
:{{para|author|((Super User))}}
 
Please do not use this markup when it is not appropriate.
To resolve this error, consider the {{para|others}} parameter, choose a more appropriate CS1 or CS2 template or remove {{para|contributor}}.
 
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_contributor_ignored|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="contributor_ignored_help_text" />


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_generic_name|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" />
==<span id="contributor_missing_required_param">|contributor= requires |&lt;param>= </span>==
<section begin="contributor_missing_required_param_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{plainlist|
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_contributor_missing_required_param|$1=author}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_contributor_missing_required_param|$1=contribution}}}}


See also the error category [[:Category:CS1 errors: generic title]].<section end="generic_name_help_text" />
Only used in book citations, {{para|contributor}} identifies the author of a contribution, typically an afterword, foreword, introduction, preface, etc., to another (primary) author's work.  As such, the primary author is required ({{para|author}} or appropriate alias) as is the title of the contribution ({{para|contribution}}).


==<span id="generic_title">Cite uses generic title</span>==
To resolve this error, include the book's primary author in {{para|author1}}, or {{para|last1}}, {{para|first1}}, or {{para|vauthors}} and include the contribution title in {{para|contribution}}; or consider the {{para|others}} parameter or remove {{para|contributor}}.
<section begin="generic_title_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_generic_title}}


Articles are listed in this category when [[Module:Citation/CS1]] identifies template {{para|title}} parameters that use place-holder titles.  Such titles may have been provided by bots or other tools that are unable to identify the source's correct title.  Pages in this category should only be added by Module:Citation/CS1.
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_contributor_missing_required_param|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="contributor_missing_required_param_help_text" />


CS1|2 maintains a short list of 'titles' that are typically not the title of the cited source.  Some examples are:
==<span id="doibroken_missing_doi">|doi-broken-date= requires |doi=</span>==
{{div col begin |colwidth=15em}}
<section begin="doibroken_missing_doi_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_doibroken_missing_doi|$1=doi-broken-date}}
*<code>404</code>
*<code>are you a robot</code>
*<code>hugedomains.com</code>
*<code>internet archive wayback machine</code>
*<code>log into facebook</code>
*<code>login • instagram</code>
*<code>no title</code> – various forms
*<code>page not found</code>
*<code>redirecting...</code>
*<code>subscribe to read</code>
*<code>unknown</code> – various forms
*<code>usurped title</code>
*<code>wayback machine</code>
*<code>webcite query result</code>
*<code>website is for sale</code>
*<code>wikiwix's cache</code>
{{div col end}}
If you are aware of other common place-holder titles, please report them at [[Help talk:Citation Style 1]], so that they can be added to the list.


To resolve this error, replace the place-holder title with the source's actual title.
When {{para|doi-broken-date}} is used in a CS1|2 template, {{para|doi}} (with value) must also be present.


False positives are possible. When the name is valid, wrap the parameter value in the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup|accept-this-as-written markup]]:
To resolve this error, either add the missing DOI or remove the 'broken' parameter.
:{{para|title|((404th Fighter Aviation Regiment))}}
Please do not use this markup when it is not appropriate.


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_generic_title|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_doibroken_missing_doi|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="doibroken_missing_doi_help_text" />


See also the maintenance category [[:Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title]] and the similar error category [[:Category:CS1 errors: generic name]].<section end="generic_title_help_text" />
==<span id="extra_text_edition">|edition= has extra text </span>==
<section begin="extra_text_edition_help_text" />{{help desk}}
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_extra_text_edition}}


==<span id="citeseerx_missing">|citeseerx= required</span>==
The templates are responsible for static text rendered in the citation.  When {{para|edition}} is used in a template, cs1|2 adds the abbreviation 'ed.' to the value in the parameter so:
<section begin="citeseerx_missing_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_citeseerx_missing}}
:{{para|edition|1st}}
renders as:
:1st ed.
The templates emit this error message when various forms of <code>ed</code>, <code>edn</code>, or <code>edition</code> are found in the value assigned to {{para|edition}}.


{{tlx|cite citeseerx}} requires the identifier parameter {{para|citeseerx}}.
To resolve this error, remove the extraneous text from the parameter value.


To resolve this error, ensure that the template has {{para|citeseerx}} with a properly constructed value.
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_extra_text_edition|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="extra_text_edition_help_text" />


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_citeseerx_missing|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="citeseerx_missing_help_text" />
==<span id="empty_citation">Empty citation</span>==
<section begin="empty_citation_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_empty_citation}}


==<span id="class_ignored">|class= ignored</span>==
A {{cs1}} or {{cs2}} template marked as "Empty" contains no recognizable parameter identifiers. For example, this citation is marked as "empty" even though it contains usable information:
<section begin="class_ignored_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_class_ignored}}
:<code><nowiki>{{cite web |http://www.foobar.com |The Foobar News}}</nowiki></code>
The citation is "empty" because it does not contain the necessary parameter identifiers (in this case {{para|url}} and {{para|title}}) that tell {{tlx|cite web}} how to use the information that the citation contains.


Only used in {{tlx|cite arXiv}} templates, {{para|class}} is only appropriate when the template uses {{para|arxiv|YYMM.NNNN}} or {{para|arxiv|YYMM.NNNNN}} identifier formats; see [[Template:Cite arXiv#Usage|Cite arXiv §Usage]].
A citation is also marked as "empty" when it contains only parameters that it doesn't recognize:
: <code><nowiki>{{cite book |titolo=The Bazquux Uprising |anno=2015}}</nowiki></code>
This citation is "empty" because the Italian-language parameters {{para|titolo}} and {{para|anno}} are not recognized as valid parameter names on the English Wikipedia.


To resolve this error, remove {{para|class}}.
"Empty citation" may also mean that an editor meant to use another template entirely. Perhaps the editor used {{tlx|citation}} when the intent was to use {{tlx|citation needed}} or {{tlx|quote}}.


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_class_ignored|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="class_ignored_help_text" />
To resolve this error, add appropriate parameter identifiers, translate foreign language parameter names to their English equivalents, or replace the CS1/CS2 template with a more appropriate template.


==<span id="contributor_ignored">|contributor= ignored</span>==
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_empty_citation|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="empty_citation_help_text" />
<section begin="contributor_ignored_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_contributor_ignored}}


Only used in book citations, {{para|contributor}} identifies the author of a contribution, typically an afterword, foreword, introduction, preface, etc., to another (primary) author's work.  This error occurs when {{para|contributor}} is used in a template that is not {{tlx|cite book}} or {{tlx|citation}} or is one of these two templates and one of the {{para|work}} parameter aliases is set. 
== <span id="explicit_et_al">Explicit use of et al.</span> ==
<section begin="explicit_etal_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_etal|$1=&lt;param>}}


To resolve this error, consider the {{para|others}} parameter, choose a more appropriate CS1 or CS2 template or remove {{para|contributor}}.
This error occurs where a {{cs1}} or {{cs2}} template detects that one of the names parameters contains some form of "et al." either as a separate name parameter ({{para|author6|et al.}}) or as a suffix added to a name list ({{para|author|Smith, A.B. et al.}}) or first name ({{para|first|John, et al.}}).


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_contributor_ignored|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="contributor_ignored_help_text" />
This error can occur in any of the author, editor, interviewer, translator, or contributor parameters.
 
==<span id="contributor_missing_required_param">|contributor= requires |&lt;param>= </span>==
<section begin="contributor_missing_required_param_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{plainlist|
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_contributor_missing_required_param|$1=author}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_contributor_missing_required_param|$1=contribution}}}}


Only used in book citations, {{para|contributor}} identifies the author of a contribution, typically an afterword, foreword, introduction, preface, etc., to another (primary) author's work.  As such, the primary author is required ({{para|author}} or appropriate alias) as is the title of the contribution ({{para|contribution}}).
Use the {{para|display-authors}} parameter instead (or other applicable {{para|display-&lt;{{var|names}}>}} parameter), as documented at [[Help:Citation Style 1#Display options]].


To resolve this error, include the book's primary author in {{para|author1}}, or {{para|last1}}, {{para|first1}}, or {{para|vauthors}} and include the contribution title in {{para|contribution}}; or consider the {{para|others}} parameter or remove {{para|contributor}}.
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_etal|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="explicit_etal_help_text" />


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_contributor_missing_required_param|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="contributor_missing_required_param_help_text" />
==<span id="param_has_ext_link">External link in |&lt;param>=</span>==
<section begin="param_has_ext_link_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_param_has_ext_link|$1={{pipe}}&lt;param>=}}


==<span id="doibroken_missing_doi">|doi-broken-date= requires |doi=</span>==
This error occurs when a URL is found in any parameter that is not one of these URL-holding parameters:
<section begin="doibroken_missing_doi_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_doibroken_missing_doi|$1=doi-broken-date}}
{{div col begin}}
*{{para|archive-url}}
*{{para|article-url}}
*{{para|chapter-url}}
*{{para|conference-url}}
*{{para|contribution-url}}
*{{para|entry-url}}
*{{para|{{xtd|lay-url}}}} – deprecated
*{{para|map-url}}
*{{para|section-url}}
*{{para|transcript-url}}
*{{para|url}}
{{div col end}}
or any of these insource locator parameters:
{{div col begin}}
*{{para|page}}
*{{para|p}}
*{{para|pages}}
*{{para|pp}}
*{{para|at}}
*{{para|quote-page}}
*{{para|quote-pages}}
{{div col end}}
To resolve this error, remove the external link from the identified parameter.  Consider placing the external link in a more appropriate parameter:
* for {{para|chapter}}, the URL may belong in {{para|chapter-url}}.
* for other parameters, it may belong in {{para|url}}.


When {{para|doi-broken-date}} is used in a CS1|2 template, {{para|doi}} (with value) must also be present.
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_param_has_ext_link|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="param_has_ext_link_help_text" />


To resolve this error, either add the missing DOI or remove the 'broken' parameter.
==<span id="first_missing_last">|&lt;first>''n''= missing |&lt;last>''n''=</span>==
<section begin="first_missing_last_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_first_missing_last|$1=&lt;first>{{var|n}}|$2=&lt;last>{{var|n}}}}


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_doibroken_missing_doi|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="doibroken_missing_doi_help_text" />
{{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates requires a {{para|&lt;last>''n''}} parameter for each {{para|&lt;first>''n''}} parameter in a citation. Author, contributor, editor, interviewer, and translator lists are checked for proper last/first pairing.  CS1|2 will emit this error message for the first mismatch it detects.  If there are more last/first mismatches in a citation, subsequent mismatches are not detected.


==<span id="extra_text_edition">|edition= has extra text </span>==
There is no requirement that each {{para|&lt;last>''n''}} have a matching {{para|&lt;first>''n''}}.
<section begin="extra_text_edition_help_text" />{{help desk}}
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_extra_text_edition}}


The templates are responsible for static text rendered in the citation.  When {{para|edition}} is used in a template, cs1|2 adds the abbreviation 'ed.' to the value in the parameter so:
To resolve this error, ensure that each {{para|&lt;first>''n''}} has a corresponding {{para|&lt;last>''n''}}.  
:{{para|edition|1st}}
renders as:
:1st ed.
The templates emit this error message when various forms of <code>ed</code>, <code>edn</code>, or <code>edition</code> are found in the value assigned to {{para|edition}}.


To resolve this error, remove the extraneous text from the parameter value.
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_first_missing_last|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="first_missing_last_help_text" />


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_extra_text_edition|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="extra_text_edition_help_text" />
==<span id="format_missing_url">|format= requires |url= </span>==
<section begin="format_missing_url_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{plainlist|
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_format_missing_url|$1=format|$2=url}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_format_missing_url|$1=...-format|$2=...-url}}}}


==<span id="empty_citation">Empty citation</span>==
These errors occur when {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates use {{para|format}} or {{para|...-format}} without also providing a corresponding URL for {{para|url}} or {{para|...-url}}, respectively. The {{para|format}} and {{para|...-format}} parameters are used to specify the file format of a web resource, such as [[PDF]], [[Doc (computing)|DOC]], or [[Microsoft Excel file format|XLS]]. In some cases an editor may have intended to use {{para|type}} to specify a kind of document, such as hard cover, paperback, or pamphlet. The {{para|format}} and {{para|...-format}} value is always displayed.
<section begin="empty_citation_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_empty_citation}}


A {{cs1}} or {{cs2}} template marked as "Empty" contains no recognizable parameter identifiers. For example, this citation is marked as "empty" even though it contains usable information:
The list of {{para|...-format}} parameters is:
:<code><nowiki>{{cite web |http://www.foobar.com |The Foobar News}}</nowiki></code>
: {{para|archive-format}}, {{para|article-format}}, {{para|chapter-format}}, {{para|conference-format}}, {{para|contribution-format}}, {{para|entry-format}}, {{para|event-format}}, {{para|lay-format}}, {{para|map-format}}, {{para|section-format}}, {{para|transcript-format}}
The citation is "empty" because it does not contain the necessary parameter identifiers (in this case {{para|url}} and {{para|title}}) that tell {{tlx|cite web}} how to use the information that the citation does contain.


A citation is also marked as "empty" when it contains only parameters that it doesn't recognize:
(<!-- TBD: Ia this still necessary to be mentioned? -->Citations that relied on the pre-2014<!-- 2014-11-29 -->, somewhat odd use of {{para|url}} and {{para|format}} may need adjustment in regard to {{para|chapter-format}}.)
: <code><nowiki>{{cite book |titolo=The Bazquux Uprising |anno=2015}}</nowiki></code>
This citation is "empty" because the Italian-language parameters {{para|titolo}} and {{para|anno}} are not recognized as valid parameter names on the English Wikipedia.


"Empty citation" may also mean that an editor meant to use another template entirely. Perhaps the editor used {{tlx|citation}} when the intent was to use {{tlx|citation needed}} or {{tlx|quote}}.
To resolve this error, remove {{para|format}} or {{para|chapter-format}}; define {{para|url}} or {{para|chapter-url}}; or change {{para|format}} to {{para|type}} (or to {{para|chapter-format}} if {{para|chapter-url}} is used without {{para|url}}.


To resolve this error, add appropriate parameter identifiers, translate foreign language parameter names to their English equivalents, or replace the CS1/CS2 template with a more appropriate template.
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_format_missing_url|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="format_missing_url_help_text" />


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_empty_citation|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="empty_citation_help_text" />
==<span id="disp_name">Invalid |display-&lt;names>=&lt;value></span>==
<section begin="disp_name_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_disp_name|$1=&lt;names>|$2=&lt;value>}}


== <span id="explicit_et_al">Explicit use of et al.</span> ==
These error messages are emitted when [[Module:Citation/CS1]] identifies citations that use one or more of the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameters with an invalid assigned <code>&lt;value></code>. An invalid assigned <code>&lt;value></code> is a number that is greater than or equal to the number of <code>&lt;names></code> in the associated name-list or it is non-numeric text that Module:Citation/CS1 cannot recognize as a form of the keyword <code>etal</code>.
<section begin="explicit_etal_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_etal|$1=&lt;param>}}


This error occurs where a {{cs1}} or {{cs2}} template detects that one of the names parameters contains some form of "et al." either as a separate name parameter ({{para|author6|et al.}}) or as a suffix added to a name list ({{para|author|Smith, A.B. et al.}}) or first name ({{para|first|John, et al.}}).
To resolve this error, do one of the following:
* Remove the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameter from the citation (typically because "et al." is not appropriate in the citation)
* Change the <code>&lt;value></code> of the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameter such that it is less than the number of <code>&lt;names></code> in the name-list (thereby truncating the displayed list to the number)
* Change the <code>&lt;value></code> of the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameter to <code>etal</code>, which will cause "et al" to display after the last <code>&lt;name></code>.


This error can occur in any of the author, editor, interviewer, translator, or contributor parameters.
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_disp_name|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="disp_name_help_text" />


Use the {{para|display-authors}} parameter instead (or other applicable {{para|display-''<names>''}} parameter), as documented at [[Help:Citation Style 1#Display options]].
==<span id="invalid_param_val">Invalid &lt;param>=&lt;value></span>==
<section begin="invalid_param_val_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_invalid_param_val|$1=&lt;param>|$2=&lt;value>}}


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_etal|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="explicit_etal_help_text" />
To function properly, some parameters are limited to a certain set of acceptable values.  This error message indicates that a parameter has been assigned a value that is not a member of the parameter's defined set of acceptable values.  


==<span id="param_has_ext_link">External link in |&lt;param>=</span>==
Letters in values must all be in lower case, as shown below.
<section begin="param_has_ext_link_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_param_has_ext_link|$1={{pipe}}&lt;param>=}}
{|class="wikitable"
 
|+ Parameters with limited acceptable values
This error occurs when a URL is found in any parameter that is not one of these URL-holding parameters:
|-
{{div col begin}}
! Parameter !! Acceptable values
*{{para|archive-url}}
|-
*{{para|article-url}}
| {{para|df}} ||<code>dmy</code>, <code>dmy-all</code>, <code>mdy</code>, <code>mdy-all</code>, <code>ymd</code>, <code>ymd-all</code>
*{{para|chapter-url}}
|-
*{{para|conference-url}}
| {{para|mode}}||<code>cs1</code>, <code>cs2</code>
*{{para|contribution-url}}
|-
*{{para|entry-url}}
| {{para|name-list-style}} || <code>amp</code>, <code>ampersand</code>, <code>and</code>, <code>&</code>, <code>serial</code>, <code>vanc</code>
*{{para|{{xtd|lay-url}}}} – deprecated
|-
*{{para|map-url}}
| {{para|no-pp}}||rowspan=2|<code>true</code>, <code>y</code>, <code>yes</code>
*{{para|section-url}}
|-
*{{para|transcript-url}}
| {{para|no-tracking}}
*{{para|url}}
|-
{{div col end}}
| {{para|bibcode-access}}||rowspan=8|<code>free</code>
or any of these insource locator parameters:
|-
{{div col begin}}
| {{para|doi-access}}
*{{para|page}}
|-
*{{para|p}}
| {{para|hdl-access}}
*{{para|pages}}
|-
*{{para|pp}}
| {{para|jstor-access}}
*{{para|at}}
|-
*{{para|quote-page}}
| {{para|ol-access}}
*{{para|quote-pages}}
|-
{{div col end}}
| {{para|osti-access}}
To resolve this error, remove the external link from the identified parameter.  Consider placing the external link in a more appropriate parameter:
|-
* for {{para|chapter}}, the URL may belong in {{para|chapter-url}}.
| {{para|ssrn-access}}
* for other parameters, it may belong in {{para|url}}.
|-
 
| {{para|s2cid-access}}
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_param_has_ext_link|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="param_has_ext_link_help_text" />
|-
 
| {{para|url-access}}||rowspan=7|<code>subscription</code>, <code>registration</code>, <code>limited</code>
==<span id="first_missing_last">|&lt;first>''n''= missing |&lt;last>''n''=</span>==
|-
<section begin="first_missing_last_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_first_missing_last|$1=&lt;first>{{var|n}}|$2=&lt;last>{{var|n}}}}
| {{para|article-url-access}}
 
|-
{{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates requires a {{para|&lt;last>''n''}} parameter for each {{para|&lt;first>''n''}} parameter in a citation. Author, contributor, editor, interviewer, and translator lists are checked for proper last/first pairing.  CS1|2 will emit this error message for the first mismatch it detects.  If there are more last/first mismatches in a citation, subsequent mismatches are not detected.
| {{para|chapter-url-access}}
 
|-
There is no requirement that each {{para|&lt;last>''n''}} have a matching {{para|&lt;first>''n''}}.
| {{para|contribution-url-access}}
|-
| {{para|entry-url-access}}
|-
| {{para|map-url-access}}
|-
| {{para|section-url-access}}
|-
| {{para|url-status}}||<code>dead</code>, <code>live</code>, <code>deviated</code>, <code>unfit</code>, <code>usurped</code>
|}


To resolve this error, ensure that each {{para|&lt;first>''n''}} has a corresponding {{para|&lt;last>''n''}}.  
To resolve this error for the parameters in the table, use an appropriate value.


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_first_missing_last|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="first_missing_last_help_text" />
Support for {{para|ref|harv}} is withdrawn because cs1|2 templates now automatically create the <code>CITEREF</code> anchor value that {{para|ref|harv}} controlled.  To resolve this error, remove {{para|ref|harv}}.


==<span id="format_missing_url">|format= requires |url= </span>==
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_invalid_param_val|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="invalid_param_val_help_text" />
<section begin="format_missing_url_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{plainlist|
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_format_missing_url|$1=format|$2=url}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_format_missing_url|$1=...-format|$2=...-url}}}}


These errors occur when {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates use {{para|format}} or {{para|...-format}} without also providing a corresponding URL for {{para|url}} or {{para|...-url}}, respectively. The {{para|format}} and {{para|...-format}} parameters are used to specify the file format of a web resource, such as [[PDF]], [[Doc (computing)|DOC]], or [[Microsoft Excel file format|XLS]]. In some cases an editor may have intended to use {{para|type}} to specify a kind of document, such as hard cover, paperback, or pamphlet. The {{para|format}} and {{para|...-format}} value is always displayed.
==<span id="script_parameter">Invalid |script-&lt;param>=: &lt;type></span>==
<section begin="script_parameter_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_script_parameter|$1=script-&lt;param>|$2=&lt;type>}}


The list of {{para|...-format}} parameters is:
The various {{para|script-&lt;{{var|param}}>}} parameters are checked for proper form.  When an error is detected, the error message briefly identifies the type of the error:
: {{para|archive-format}}, {{para|article-format}}, {{para|chapter-format}}, {{para|conference-format}}, {{para|contribution-format}}, {{para|entry-format}}, {{para|event-format}}, {{para|lay-format}}, {{para|map-format}}, {{para|section-format}}, {{para|transcript-format}}
: <span class="error" style="font-size:100%">missing title part</span> – the {{para|script-&lt;{{var|param}}>}} parameter has a language-code prefix but is otherwise empty
: <span class="error" style="font-size:100%">missing prefix</span> – the {{para|script-&lt;{{var|param}}>}} parameter has text but is missing the required language-code prefix; the prefix has the form <code>xx:</code> or <code>xxx:</code> where <code>xx</code> or <code>xxx</code> is a valid [[ISO 639-1]] or [[ISO 639-3]] language code known to CS1|2 as a language that uses a non-Latin script; the colon (<code>:</code>) is required
: <span class="error" style="font-size:100%">unknown language code</span> – the {{para|script-&lt;{{var|param}}>}} parameter has a (possibly valid) language code that CS1|2 does not recognize as a language using a non-Latin script
Language codes known to CS1|2 for languages that do not use a Latin script are:
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|script_lang_lister}}<!-- makes a language code: name list from the master list in [[Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration]] -->


(<!-- TBD: Ia this still necessary to be mentioned? -->Citations that relied on the pre-2014<!-- 2014-11-29 -->, somewhat odd use of {{para|url}} and {{para|format}} may need adjustment in regard to {{para|chapter-format}}.)
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_script_parameter|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="script_parameter_help_text" />


To resolve this error, remove {{para|format}} or {{para|chapter-format}}; define {{para|url}} or {{para|chapter-url}}; or change {{para|format}} to {{para|type}} (or to {{para|chapter-format}} if {{para|chapter-url}} is used without {{para|url}}.
==<span id="extra_text_issue">|issue=/|number= has extra text</span>==
<section begin="extra_text_issue_help_text" />{{help desk}}
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_extra_text_issue|$1=issue}}<br/>
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_extra_text_issue|$1=number}}


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_format_missing_url|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="format_missing_url_help_text" />
The templates are responsible for static text rendered in the citation. When {{para|issue}} or {{para|number}} is used in a template, cs1|2 formats the issue number according to the style corresponding with the publication type associated with the used citation template.


==<span id="disp_name">Invalid |display-&lt;names>=&lt;value></span>==
The templates emit this error message when various forms of issue or number prefixes (like <code>Iss.</code> or <code>No.</code>) are found in the value assigned to {{para|issue}} or {{para|number}}.
<section begin="disp_name_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_disp_name|$1=&lt;names>|$2=&lt;value>}}


These error messages are emitted when [[Module:Citation/CS1]] identifies citations that use one or more of the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameters with an invalid assigned <code>&lt;value></code>. An invalid assigned <code>&lt;value></code> is a number that is greater than or equal to the number of <code>&lt;names></code> in the associated name-list or it is non-numeric text that Module:Citation/CS1 cannot recognize as a form of the keyword <code>etal</code>.
To resolve this error, remove the extraneous text from the parameter value. If the extraneous text removed is related to issues, please use the {{para|issue}} parameter rather than {{para|number}} for this, and vice versa. At present, the output is the same for both parameters, but this may not hold true in future versions, therefore it is important that issues and number values are used with the proper parameter as per what nomenclature is used in the actual publication.


To resolve this error, do one of the following:
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_extra_text_issue|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="extra_text_issue_help_text" />
* Remove the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameter from the citation (because "et al." is not appropriate in the citation)
* Change the <code>&lt;value></code> of the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameter such that it is less than the number of <code>&lt;names></code> in the name-list (thereby truncating the displayed list to the number)
* Change the <code>&lt;value></code> of the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameter to <code>etal</code>, which will cause "et al" to display after the last <code>&lt;name></code>.


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_disp_name|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="disp_name_help_text" />
==<span id="apostrophe_markup">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |&lt;param>=</span>==
<section begin="apostrophe_markup_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_apostrophe_markup|$1=&lt;param>{{var|n}}}}


==<span id="invalid_param_val">Invalid &lt;param>=&lt;value></span>==
Italic (<code><nowiki>''</nowiki></code>) or bold (<code><nowiki>'''</nowiki></code>) wikimarkup is not allowed in publisher and periodical parameters.  These parameters include:
<section begin="invalid_param_val_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_invalid_param_val|$1=&lt;param>|$2=&lt;value>}}
* {{para|publisher}}
* {{para|journal}}
* {{para|magazine}}
* {{para|newspaper}}
* {{para|periodical}}
* {{para|website}}
* {{para|work}}
To resolve this error, remove wiki markup from the named parameter's value and ensure that the template is using the correct parameters; when citing a newspaper, use {{para|newspaper}} for the newspaper's name, not {{para|publisher}}, etc.
 
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_apostrophe_markup|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="apostrophe_markup_help_text" />
 
==<span id="medrxiv_missing">|medrxiv= required</span>==  
<section begin="medrxiv_missing_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_medrxiv_missing}}
 
{{tlx|cite medRxiv}} requires the identifier parameter {{para|medrxiv}}.
 
To resolve this error, ensure that the template has {{para|medrxiv}} with a properly constructed value.
 
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_medrxiv_missing|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="medrxiv_missing_help_text" />


To function properly, some parameters are limited to a certain set of acceptable values.  This error message indicates that a parameter has been assigned a value that is not a member of the parameter's defined set of acceptable values.
==<span id="missing_name">Missing |&lt;name>''n''=</span>==
<section begin="missing_name_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_missing_name|$1=&lt;name>|$2={{var|n}}}}


Letters in values must all be in lower case, as shown below.
So that all names are listed in a rendered citation, {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates require ''n'' in {{para|&lt;last>{{var|n}}}} (and its aliases) to increment by 1 for each name in the list (author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator). This error message is emitted when there is a 'hole' in the numbering (an author list made up of {{para|author1}} and {{para|author3}} but without {{para|author2}} for example).
{|class="wikitable"
 
|+ Parameters with limited acceptable values
The test will not detect a 'hole' that is larger than 1.  It is presumed that when {{para|author{{var|n}}}} and {{para|author{{var|n+1}}}} are both not present, then the test has reached the end of the list.
|-
 
! Parameter !! Acceptable values
To resolve this error, ensure that the numbering of the {{para|&lt;last>{{var|n}}}} parameters increments properly.
|-
 
| {{para|df}} ||<code>dmy</code>, <code>dmy-all</code>, <code>mdy</code>, <code>mdy-all</code>, <code>ymd</code>, <code>ymd-all</code>
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_missing_name|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="missing_name_help_text" />
 
==<span id="missing_title">Missing or empty |title= </span>==
There are two slightly different error conditions that can arise when [[Help:Citation Style 1|CS1 citations]] lack appropriate titles. In each case, CS1 reports this error message. The necessary resolution may vary depending on the cause of the error. The error message links to the appropriate description below.
 
===<span id="bare_url_missing_title">Bare URL without a title</span>===
<section begin="bare_url_missing_title_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bare_url_missing_title|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param>=</code>}}
 
All {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates report this error when one of the [[URL]]-containing parameters cannot be paired with an associated title. This error may also occur when {{para|title}} cannot be linked with {{para|url}} because the citation also contains a conflicting {{para|title-link}} parameter.
 
{|class="wikitable"
|+ URL-containing parameters and associated title parameters
|-
|-
| {{para|mode}}||<code>cs1</code>, <code>cs2</code>
! URL parameters
! Title parameters
|-
|-
| {{para|name-list-style}} || <code>amp</code>, <code>ampersand</code>, <code>and</code>, <code>&</code>, <code>serial</code>, <code>vanc</code>
| {{para|archive-url}}
| {{para|title}}
|-
|-
| {{para|no-pp}}||rowspan=2|<code>true</code>, <code>y</code>, <code>yes</code>
| {{para|article-url}}
| {{para|article}}, {{para|chapter}}, {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entry}}, {{para|section}}
|-
|-
| {{para|no-tracking}}
| {{para|chapter-url}}
| {{para|chapter}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entry}}, {{para|section}}
|-
|-
| {{para|bibcode-access}}||rowspan=8|<code>free</code>
| {{para|conference-url}}
| {{para|conference}}, {{para|event}}
|-
|-
| {{para|doi-access}}
| {{para|contribution-url}}
| {{para|contribution}}, {{para|chapter}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|entry}}, {{para|section}}
|-
|-
| {{para|hdl-access}}
| {{para|entry-url}}
| {{para|entry}}, {{para|chapter}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|contribution}}, {{para|section}}
|-
|-
| {{para|jstor-access}}
| {{para|event-url}}
| {{para|event}}, {{para|conference}}
<!-- |-
| {{para|lay-url}}
| &nbsp;&nbsp;({{para|lay-source}}) -->
|-
|-
| {{para|ol-access}}
| {{para|map-url}}
| {{para|map}}
|-
|-
| {{para|osti-access}}
| {{para|section-url}}
| {{para|section}}, {{para|chapter}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entry}}
|-
|-
| {{para|ssrn-access}}
| {{para|transcript-url}}
| {{para|transcript}}
|-
|-
| {{para|s2cid-access}}
| {{para|url}}
|-
| {{para|title}}
| {{para|url-access}}||rowspan=7|<code>subscription</code>, <code>registration</code>, <code>limited</code>
|-
| {{para|article-url-access}}
|-
| {{para|chapter-url-access}}
|-
| {{para|contribution-url-access}}
|-
| {{para|entry-url-access}}
|-
| {{para|map-url-access}}
|-
| {{para|section-url-access}}
|-
| {{para|url-status}}||<code>dead</code>, <code>live</code>, <code>deviated</code>, <code>unfit</code>, <code>usurped</code>
|}
|}


To resolve this error for the parameters in the table, use an appropriate value.
A unique case exists for {{tl|cite journal}}: if {{para|pmc}} or {{para|doi}} has a value, {{para|url}} is omitted or empty, and {{para|title-link}} does not point to an article, then {{para|title}} is automatically linked with the same URL as the PMC or DOI. This default behaviour can be overridden using {{para|title-link|none/pmc/doi}}.


Support for {{para|ref|harv}} is withdrawn because cs1|2 templates now automatically create the <code>CITEREF</code> anchor value that {{para|ref|harv}} controlled. To resolve this error, remove {{para|ref|harv}}.
Because URLs are ugly and generally uninformative, it is expected that editors should provide a meaningful title for each URL. In most cases this can be accomplished by using the {{para|title}} parameter.


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_invalid_param_val|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="invalid_param_val_help_text" />
To resolve this error, provide an appropriate title for the URL-containing parameter. In the case where {{para|url}} and {{para|title-link}} are contending for {{para|title}} you must choose which one to keep. Consider moving {{para|url}} or {{para|title-link}} to a more suitable parameter.


==<span id="script_parameter">Invalid |script-&lt;param>=: &lt;type></span>==
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bare_url_missing_title|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bare_url_missing_title_help_text" />
<section begin="script_parameter_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_script_parameter|$1=script-&lt;param>|$2=&lt;type>}}


The various {{para|script-&lt;{{var|param}}>}} parameters are checked for proper form.  When an error is detected, the error message briefly identifies the type of the error:
===<span id="citation_missing_title">Citation without a title of any form</span>===
: <span class="error" style="font-size:100%">missing title part</span> – the {{para|script-&lt;{{var|param}}>}} parameter has a language-code prefix but is otherwise empty
<section begin="citation_missing_title_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{plainlist|
: <span class="error" style="font-size:100%">missing prefix</span> – the {{para|script-&lt;{{var|param}}>}} parameter has text but is missing the required language-code prefix; the prefix has the form <code>xx:</code> or <code>xxx:</code> where <code>xx</code> or <code>xxx</code> is a valid [[ISO 639-1]] or [[ISO 639-3]] language code known to CS1|2 as a language that uses a non-Latin script; the colon (<code>:</code>) is required
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_citation_missing_title|$1=title}}
: <span class="error" style="font-size:100%">unknown language code</span> – the {{para|script-&lt;{{var|param}}>}} parameter has a (possibly valid) language code that CS1|2 does not recognize as a language using a non-Latin script
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_citation_missing_title|$1=series}}}}
Language codes known to CS1|2 for languages that do not use a Latin script are:
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|script_lang_lister}}<!-- makes a language code: name list from the master list in [[Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration]] -->


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_script_parameter|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="script_parameter_help_text" />
This error occurs for {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates when all of {{para|title}}, {{para|trans-title}}, and {{para|script-title}} are omitted or left blank.  At least one of these title parameters must be provided for each citation.


==<span id="extra_text_issue">|issue=/|number= has extra text</span>==
{{tlx|cite episode}} will show this error if {{para|series}} is omitted or left blank (even if a {{para|title}} is provided).
<section begin="extra_text_issue_help_text" />{{help desk}}
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_extra_text_issue|$1=issue}}<br/>
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_extra_text_issue|$1=number}}


The templates are responsible for static text rendered in the citation. When {{para|issue}} or {{para|number}} is used in a template, cs1|2 formats the issue number according to the style corresponding with the publication type associated with the used citation template.
{{tlx|cite encyclopedia}} will show this error if {{para|encyclopedia}} has a value but {{para|entry}} (or another {{para|chapter}} alias) is omitted or left blank.


The templates emit this error message when various forms of issue or number prefixes (like <code>Iss.</code> or <code>No.</code>) are found in the value assigned to {{para|issue}} or {{para|number}}.
Sometimes this error occurs because an editor has used a CS1|2 citation as a [[Help:Shortened footnotes|shortened footnote]] when {{tlx|sfn}} or one of the {{tlx|harv}} family of templates would have been more appropriate. This error also occurs when an editor used {{tlx|citation}} but intended to use {{tlx|citation needed}}.


To resolve this error, remove the extraneous text from the parameter value. If the extraneous text removed is related to issues, please use the {{para|issue}} parameter rather than {{para|number}} for this, and vice versa. At present, the output is the same for both parameters, but this may not hold true in future versions, therefore it is important that issues and number values are used with the proper parameter as per what nomenclature is used in the actual publication.
To resolve this error, provide a value for {{para|title}}, {{para|trans-title}}, and/or {{para|script-title}} or replace the CS1|2 template with a more appropriate template. If you are listing a periodical or an issue of a periodical in a bibliography rather than within {{tag|ref}} tags, {{tlx|List journal}} may be more appropriate.


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_extra_text_issue|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="extra_text_issue_help_text" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_citation_missing_title|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="citation_missing_title_help_text" />


==<span id="apostrophe_markup">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |&lt;param>=</span>==
==<span id="cite_web_url">Missing or empty |url= </span>==
<section begin="apostrophe_markup_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_apostrophe_markup|$1=&lt;param>{{var|n}}}}
<section begin="cite_web_url_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_cite_web_url}}


Italic (<code><nowiki>''</nowiki></code>) or bold (<code><nowiki>'''</nowiki></code>) wikimarkup is not allowed in publisher and periodical parameters.  These parameters include:
This error message is reported by {{tlx|cite web}}, {{tlx|cite podcast}}, and {{tlx|cite mailing list}} when the template parameters {{para|url}} and {{para|archive-url}} are both missing, blank or not properly entered. Note that {{para|website}} or {{para|work}} is the name of the site, not the URL.
* {{para|publisher}}
* {{para|journal}}
* {{para|magazine}}
* {{para|newspaper}}
* {{para|periodical}}
* {{para|website}}
* {{para|work}}
To resolve this error, remove wiki markup from the named parameter's value and ensure that the template is using the correct parameters; when citing a newspaper, use {{para|newspaper}} for the newspaper's name, not {{para|publisher}}, etc.


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_apostrophe_markup|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="apostrophe_markup_help_text" />
To resolve this error, provide a value for {{para|url}} or use a more appropriate template such as {{tl|cite book}}, {{tl|cite journal}} or other {{cs1}} or {{cs2}} template.


==<span id="missing_name">Missing |&lt;name>''n''=</span>==
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_cite_web_url|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="cite_web_url_help_text" />
<section begin="missing_name_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_missing_name|$1=&lt;name>|$2={{var|n}}}}


So that all names are listed in a rendered citation, {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates require ''n'' in {{para|&lt;last>{{var|n}}}} (and its aliases) to increment by 1 for each name in the list (author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator).  This error message is emitted when there is a 'hole' in the numbering (an author list made up of {{para|author1}} and {{para|author3}} but without {{para|author2}} for example).
==<span id="missing_pipe">Missing pipe</span>==
<section begin="missing_pipe_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_missing_pipe|$1=&lt;param>}}


The test will not detect a 'hole' that is larger than 1.  It is presumed that when {{para|author{{var|n}}}} and {{para|author{{var|n+1}}}} are both not present, then the test has reached the end of the list.
{{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates report this error when one parameter has text that looks like it is a parameter missing a pipe (<code>|</code>). This error occurs when a template parameter value contains characters and digits followed by an equal sign.  If the alphanumeric text immediately preceding the equal sign is a valid CS1|2 parameter name, the module assumes that the template is missing a pipe and emits this error message.


To resolve this error, ensure that the numbering of the {{para|&lt;last>{{var|n}}}} parameters increments properly.  
Some legitimate titles will contain a CS1|2 parameter name followed by an equal sign. In that case, enclose the equal sign in nowiki tags, like this: {{tag|nowiki|content={{=}}}}. For most other cases, simply add the missing pipe.
 
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_missing_pipe|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="missing_pipe_help_text" />


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_missing_name|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="missing_name_help_text" />
==<span id="redundant_parameters">More than one of |&lt;param1>=, |&lt;param2>=, and |&lt;param3>= specified</span>==
<section begin="redundant_parameters_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_redundant_parameters|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param1>=</code>, <code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param2>=</code>, and <code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param3>=</code>}}


==<span id="missing_title">Missing or empty |title= </span>==
This error occurs when a {{cs1}} or {{cs2}} template includes more than one parameter that maps to the same meaning. For example, {{para|author}}, {{para|last}}, and {{para|last1}} are all synonyms of each other, so no more than one of these parameters should ever be used in a single template.
There are two slightly different error conditions that can arise when [[Help:Citation Style 1|CS1 citations]] lack appropriate titles. In each case, CS1 reports this error message. The necessary resolution may vary depending on the cause of the error. The error message links to the appropriate description below.


===<span id="bare_url_missing_title">Bare URL without a title</span>===
To resolve this error, remove or modify the redundant parameter(s).
<section begin="bare_url_missing_title_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bare_url_missing_title|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param>=</code>}}


All {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates report this error when one of the [[URL]]-containing parameters cannot be paired with an associated title. This error may also occur when {{para|title}} cannot be linked with {{para|url}} because the citation also contains a conflicting {{para|title-link}} parameter.
{{plainlist|
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_redundant_parameters|$1=author-name-list parameters}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_redundant_parameters|$1=editor-name-list parameters}}}}


{|class="wikitable"
This error occurs when a CS1 or CS2 template uses more than one type of author or editor name-list style.  There are three kinds of incompatible author-name-list styles:
|+ URL-containing parameters and associated title parameters
: {{para|author''n''}} and {{para|last''n''}} / {{para|first''n''}} (and their various aliases), {{para|vauthors}}, and {{para|authors}}
|-
and similarly, three editor-name-list styles:
! URL parameters
: {{para|editor''n''}} and {{para|editor-last''n''}} / {{para|editor-first''n''}} (and their various aliases) as well as {{para|veditors}}
! Title parameters
 
|-
To resolve this error, choose one name-list-style.  Use the chosen style for both of the author and editor name-lists.
| {{para|archive-url}}
 
| {{para|title}}
Pages with these errors are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_redundant_parameters|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="redundant_parameters_help_text" />
|-
 
| {{para|article-url}}
==<span id="extra_text_pages">|page(s)= has extra text</span>==
| {{para|article}}, {{para|chapter}}, {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entry}}, {{para|section}}
<section begin="extra_text_pages_help_text" />{{help desk}}
|-
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_extra_text_pages|$1=&lt;param>}}
| {{para|chapter-url}}
 
| {{para|chapter}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entry}}, {{para|section}}
The templates are responsible for static text rendered in the citation.  When {{para|page}}/{{para|p}}, {{para|pages}}/{{para|pp}}, {{para|quote-page}} or {{para|quote-pages}} is used in a template, cs1|2 inserts the appropriate pagination prefix 'p.' or 'pp.' ahead of the value in the parameter so:
|-
:{{para|page|123}}
| {{para|conference-url}}
renders as:
| {{para|conference}}, {{para|event}}
:p. 123
|-
and:
| {{para|contribution-url}}
:{{para|page|123–125}}
| {{para|contribution}}, {{para|chapter}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|entry}}, {{para|section}}
renders as:
:pp. 123–125
The templates emit this error message when various forms of <code>p</code>, <code>pp</code>, <code>pg</code>, <code>pgs</code>, <code>page</code>, or <code>pages</code> are found in the value assigned to {{para|page}}/{{para|p}}, {{para|pages}}/{{para|pp}}, {{para|quote-page}} or {{para|quote-pages}}.
 
To resolve this error, remove the extraneous text from the parameter value.
 
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_extra_text_pages|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="extra_text_pages_help_text" />
 
==<span id="param_access_requires_param">&#124;&lt;param>-access= requires &#124;&lt;param>=</span>==
<section begin="param_access_requires_param_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_param_access_requires_param|$1=&lt;param>|$2=&lt;param>}}
 
This error is reported when an access level has been specified for some external link, but the corresponding required parameter is missing or empty.
The parameter can be one of
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Access-level specifier required parameter
|-
! Specifier !! Required parameter
|-
|-
| {{para|entry-url}}
| {{para|article-url-access}} || {{para|article-url}}
| {{para|entry}}, {{para|chapter}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|contribution}}, {{para|section}}
|-
|-
| {{para|event-url}}
| {{para|bibcode-access}} || {{para|bibcode}}
| {{para|event}}, {{para|conference}}
|-
<!-- |-
| {{para|chapter-url-access}} || {{para|chapter-url}}
| {{para|lay-url}}
|-
| &nbsp;&nbsp;({{para|lay-source}}) -->
| {{para|contribution-url-access}} || {{para|contribution-url}}
|-
| {{para|doi-access}} || {{para|doi}}
|-
|-
| {{para|map-url}}
| {{para|entry-url-access}} || {{para|entry-url}}
| {{para|map}}
|-
|-
| {{para|section-url}}
| {{para|hdl-access}} || {{para|hdl}}
| {{para|section}}, {{para|chapter}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entry}}
|-
|-
| {{para|transcript-url}}
| {{para|jstor-access}} || {{para|jstor}}
| {{para|transcript}}
|-
|-
| {{para|url}}
| {{para|map-url-access}} || {{para|map-url}}
| {{para|title}}
|-
|}
| {{para|ol-access}} || {{para|ol}}
 
|-
A unique case exists for {{tl|cite journal}}: if {{para|pmc}} or {{para|doi}} has a value, {{para|url}} is omitted or empty, and {{para|title-link}} does not point to an article, then {{para|title}} is automatically linked with the same URL as the PMC or DOI. This default behaviour can be overridden using {{para|title-link|none/pmc/doi}}.
| {{para|osti-access}} || {{para|osti}}
 
|-
Because URLs are ugly and generally uninformative, it is expected that editors should provide a meaningful title for each URL. In most cases this can be accomplished by using the {{para|title}} parameter.
| {{para|section-url-access}} || {{para|section-url}}
|-
| {{para|s2cid-access}} || {{para|s2cid}}
|-
| {{para|url-access}} || {{para|url}}
|}


To resolve this error, provide an appropriate title for the URL-containing parameter. In the case where {{para|url}} and {{para|title-link}} are contending for {{para|title}} you must choose which one to keep. Consider moving {{para|url}} or {{para|title-link}} to a more suitable parameter.
To resolve this error, either provide a value for the parameter, or remove the access level specification.


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bare_url_missing_title|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bare_url_missing_title_help_text" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_param_access_requires_param|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="param_access_requires_param_help_text" />


===<span id="citation_missing_title">Citation without a title of any form</span>===
==<span id="periodical_ignored">|&lt;periodical>= ignored</span>==
<section begin="citation_missing_title_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{plainlist|
<section begin="periodical_ignored_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_periodical_ignored|$1=periodical}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_citation_missing_title|$1=title}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_citation_missing_title|$1=series}}}}


This error occurs for {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates when all of {{para|title}}, {{para|trans-title}}, and {{para|script-title}} are omitted or left blank.  At least one of these title parameters must be provided for each citation.
{{cs1}} templates {{tlx|cite book}} and {{tlx|cite encyclopedia}} do not support {{para|periodical}} (and aliases {{para|journal}}, {{para|magazine}}, {{para|newspaper}}, {{para|website}}, {{para|work}}) and associated {{para|script-periodical}} and {{para|trans-periodical}} (and their aliases).


{{tlx|cite episode}} will show this error if {{para|series}} is omitted or left blank (even if a {{para|title}} is provided).
To resolve this error:


Sometimes this error occurs because an editor has used a CS1|2 citation as a [[Help:Shortened footnotes|shortened footnote]] when {{tlx|sfn}} or one of the {{tlx|harv}} family of templates would have been more appropriate. This error also occurs when an editor used {{tlx|citation}} but intended to use {{tlx|citation needed}}.
* use a more appropriate citation template, or
 
* most common: change {{para|title}} to {{para|chapter}} (or appropriate alias) and then change {{para|periodical}} to {{para|title}}, or
To resolve this error, provide a value for {{para|title}}, {{para|trans-title}}, and/or {{para|script-title}} or replace the CS1|2 template with a more appropriate template. If you are listing a periodical or an issue of a periodical in a bibliography rather than within {{tag|ref}} tags, {{tlx|List journal}} may be more appropriate.
* change {{para|work}} to {{para|series}} if {{para|title}} is the actual title of the book and {{para|work}} contains the name of a book series, or
 
* move the content of the {{para|periodical}} parameter out of the template, before the closing <nowiki></ref></nowiki>, or
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_citation_missing_title|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="citation_missing_title_help_text" />
* delete the {{para|periodical}} parameter
 
==<span id="cite_web_url">Missing or empty |url= </span>==
<section begin="cite_web_url_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_cite_web_url}}
 
This error message is reported by {{tlx|cite web}}, {{tlx|cite podcast}}, and {{tlx|cite mailing list}} when the template parameters {{para|url}} and {{para|archive-url}} are both missing, blank or not properly entered. Note that {{para|website}} or {{para|work}} is the name of the site, not the URL.
 
To resolve this error, provide a value for {{para|url}} or use a more appropriate template such as {{tl|cite book}}, {{tl|cite journal}} or other {{cs1}} or {{cs2}} template.
 
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_cite_web_url|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="cite_web_url_help_text" />
 
==<span id="missing_pipe">Missing pipe</span>==
<section begin="missing_pipe_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_missing_pipe|$1=&lt;param>}}
 
{{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates report this error when one parameter has text that looks like it is a parameter missing a pipe (<code>|</code>). This error occurs when a template parameter value contains characters and digits followed by an equal sign.  If the alphanumeric text immediately preceding the equal sign is a valid CS1|2 parameter name, the module assumes that the template is missing a pipe and emits this error message.
 
Some legitimate titles will contain a CS1|2 parameter name followed by an equal sign. In that case, enclose the equal sign in nowiki tags, like this: {{tag|nowiki|content={{=}}}}.  For most other cases, simply add the missing pipe.
 
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_missing_pipe|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="missing_pipe_help_text" />
 
==<span id="redundant_parameters">More than one of |&lt;param1>=, |&lt;param2>=, and |&lt;param3>= specified</span>==
<section begin="redundant_parameters_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_redundant_parameters|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param1>=</code>, <code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param2>=</code>, and <code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param3>=</code>}}
 
This error occurs when a {{cs1}} or {{cs2}} template includes more than one parameter that maps to the same meaning. For example, {{para|author}}, {{para|last}}, and {{para|last1}} are all synonyms of each other, so no more than one of these parameters should ever be used in a single template.
 
To resolve this error, remove or modify the redundant parameter(s).
 
{{plainlist|
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_redundant_parameters|$1=author-name-list parameters}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_redundant_parameters|$1=editor-name-list parameters}}}}
 
This error occurs when a CS1 or CS2 template uses more than one type of author or editor name-list style.  There are three kinds of incompatible author-name-list styles:
: {{para|author''n''}} and {{para|last''n''}} / {{para|first''n''}} (and their various aliases), {{para|vauthors}}, and {{para|authors}}
and similarly, three editor-name-list styles:
: {{para|editor''n''}} and {{para|editor-last''n''}} / {{para|editor-first''n''}} (and their various aliases) as well as {{para|veditors}}
 
To resolve this error, choose one name-list-style.  Use the chosen style for both of the author and editor name-lists.
 
Pages with these errors are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_redundant_parameters|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="redundant_parameters_help_text" />
 
==<span id="extra_text_pages">|page(s)= has extra text</span>==
<section begin="extra_text_pages_help_text" />{{help desk}}
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_extra_text_pages|$1=&lt;param>}}
 
The templates are responsible for static text rendered in the citation.  When {{para|page}}/{{para|p}}, {{para|pages}}/{{para|pp}}, {{para|quote-page}} or {{para|quote-pages}} is used in a template, cs1|2 inserts the appropriate pagination prefix 'p.' or 'pp.' ahead of the value in the parameter so:
:{{para|page|123}}
renders as:
:p. 123
and:
:{{para|page|123–125}}
renders as:
:pp. 123–125
The templates emit this error message when various forms of <code>p</code>, <code>pp</code>, <code>pg</code>, <code>pgs</code>, <code>page</code>, or <code>pages</code> are found in the value assigned to {{para|page}}/{{para|p}}, {{para|pages}}/{{para|pp}}, {{para|quote-page}} or {{para|quote-pages}}.
 
To resolve this error, remove the extraneous text from the parameter value.
 
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_extra_text_pages|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="extra_text_pages_help_text" />
 
==<span id="param_access_requires_param">&#124;&lt;param>-access= requires &#124;&lt;param>=</span>==
<section begin="param_access_requires_param_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_param_access_requires_param|$1=&lt;param>|$2=&lt;param>}}
 
This error is reported when an access level has been specified for some external link, but the corresponding required parameter is missing or empty.
The parameter can be one of
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Access-level specifier required parameter
|-
! Specifier !! Required parameter
|-
| {{para|article-url-access}} || {{para|article-url}}
|-
| {{para|bibcode-access}} || {{para|bibcode}}
|-
| {{para|chapter-url-access}} || {{para|chapter-url}}
|-
| {{para|contribution-url-access}} || {{para|contribution-url}}
|-
| {{para|doi-access}} || {{para|doi}}
|-
| {{para|entry-url-access}} || {{para|entry-url}}
|-
| {{para|hdl-access}} || {{para|hdl}}
|-
| {{para|jstor-access}} || {{para|jstor}}
|-
| {{para|map-url-access}} || {{para|map-url}}
|-
| {{para|ol-access}} || {{para|ol}}
|-
| {{para|osti-access}} || {{para|osti}}
|-
| {{para|section-url-access}} || {{para|section-url}}
|-
| {{para|s2cid-access}} || {{para|s2cid}}
|-
| {{para|url-access}} || {{para|url}}
|}
 
To resolve this error, either provide a value for the parameter, or remove the access level specification.


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_param_access_requires_param|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="param_access_requires_param_help_text" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_periodical_ignored|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="periodical_ignored_help_text" />


==<span id="embargo_missing_pmc">|pmc-embargo-date= requires |pmc=</span>==
==<span id="embargo_missing_pmc">|pmc-embargo-date= requires |pmc=</span>==
Line 1,684: Line 1,465:
<section begin="ssrn_missing_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_ssrn_missing}}
<section begin="ssrn_missing_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_ssrn_missing}}


{{tlx|cite ssrn}} requires the identifier parameter {{para|ssrn}}.
{{tlx|cite SSRN}} requires the identifier parameter {{para|ssrn}}.


To resolve this error, ensure that the template has {{para|ssrn}} with a properly constructed value.
To resolve this error, ensure that the template has {{para|ssrn}} with a properly constructed value.
Line 1,715: Line 1,496:
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_parameter_ignored_suggest|$1=&lt;param>|$2=&lt;sparam>}}}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_parameter_ignored_suggest|$1=&lt;param>|$2=&lt;sparam>}}}}
   
   
{{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates report this error when the name portion of a parameter's {{para|name|value}} pair is not recognized as a valid name. Typically, this is caused by spelling or capitalization errors or when a page is reverted to a version where the citation template did support the parameter.
{{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates report this error when the name portion of a parameter's {{para|name|value}} pair is not recognized as a valid name. Typically, this is caused by spelling or capitalization errors or when a page is reverted to a version where the citation template did support the parameter. It can also be caused by the use of parameters that are valid in some, but not all, CS1|2 templates. For example, {{tl|cite book}} citations are sometimes erroneously created using {{para|title}} and {{para|work}} when they should use {{para|chapter}} and {{para|title}} instead.


The CS1|2 engine does not ignore unrecognized parameters. The purpose of the citation is to properly identify the source, not to act as a repository of notes and ancillary information.
The CS1|2 engine does not ignore unrecognized parameters. The purpose of the citation is to properly identify the source, not to act as a repository of notes and ancillary information.
Line 1,794: Line 1,575:
<!-- When moving this section keep <section begin="notes_help_text"> (located above this section header) attacted -->
<!-- When moving this section keep <section begin="notes_help_text"> (located above this section header) attacted -->
{{reflist |group=lower-alpha |refs=
{{reflist |group=lower-alpha |refs=
<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories">Pages in the Book talk, Category talk, Draft talk, File talk, Help talk, MediaWiki talk, Module talk, Portal talk, Talk, Template talk, User, User talk, and Wikipedia talk namespaces are not included in the tracking categories. In addition, pages with names matching the patterns '/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases', '/[^/]*[Ll]og', and '/[Aa]rchive' are not included in the tracking categories.<!--See Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration in uncategorized_namespaces{}--></ref>
<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories">Pages in the Category talk, Draft talk, File talk, Help talk, MediaWiki talk, Module talk, Portal talk, Talk, Template talk, User, User talk, and Wikipedia talk namespaces are not included in the tracking categories. In addition, pages with names matching the patterns '/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases', '/[^/]*[Ll]og', and '/[Aa]rchive' are not included in the tracking categories.<!--See Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration in uncategorized_namespaces{}--></ref>
}}<section end="notes_help_text" /><!--
}}<section end="notes_help_text" /><!--
When moving this section keep the following attached to the References section below --><section begin="references_help_text" />
When moving this section keep the following attached to the References section below --><section begin="references_help_text" />
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