Module:Convert
Documentation for this module may be created at Module:Convert/doc
--[[ TODO Too many items to list, but following are some points: - Output needs rather than space in several places. - Some conversions require two outputs: {{convert|55|nmi|km mi}}. - Some units have two values: {{convert|3.21|m|ftin}}. - Remove commas from input numbers; add to output (always?). - Use U+2212 MINUS SIGN for input + output number, not '-'. ]] local function clonetable(t) -- Return a shallow copy of t. result = {} for k, v in pairs(t) do result[k] = v end return result end --[[-----BEGIN DATA TABLES----- Three data tables follow: SIprefixes prefixes like 'M' (mega, 10^6) units all properties for a unit, including default output defaultunits default output exceptions ('Mg' and 'g' have different defaults) SIprefixes and defaultunits are maintained by editing this file. However, the units table is generated by a script which reads the wikitext for a wiki page that documents properties of units. Could consider putting some or all tables in another module. Check values at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_of_units and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Convert/list_of_units ]] local SIprefixes = { ['Y'] = { exponent = 24, name = 'yotta' }, ['Z'] = { exponent = 21, name = 'zetta' }, ['E'] = { exponent = 18, name = 'exa' }, ['P'] = { exponent = 15, name = 'peta' }, ['T'] = { exponent = 12, name = 'tera' }, ['G'] = { exponent = 9, name = 'giga' }, ['M'] = { exponent = 6, name = 'mega' }, ['k'] = { exponent = 3, name = 'kilo' }, ['H'] = { exponent = 2, name = 'hecto' }, -- not an SI prefix, but allow for people typing this ['h'] = { exponent = 2, name = 'hecto' }, ['da']= { exponent = 1, name = 'deca' }, ['D'] = { exponent = 1, name = 'deca' }, -- not an SI prefix, but allow for people typing this ['d'] = { exponent = -1, name = 'deci' }, ['c'] = { exponent = -2, name = 'centi' }, ['m'] = { exponent = -3, name = 'milli' }, ['µ'] = { exponent = -6, name = 'micro' }, ['u'] = { exponent = -6, name = 'micro' }, -- not an SI prefix, but allow for people typing this ['n'] = { exponent = -9, name = 'nano' }, ['p'] = { exponent =-12, name = 'pico' }, ['f'] = { exponent =-15, name = 'femto' }, ['a'] = { exponent =-18, name = 'atto' }, ['z'] = { exponent =-21, name = 'zepto' }, ['y'] = { exponent =-24, name = 'yocto' }, } local units = { lookup = function (self, unit) -- Return true, t where t is the unit's converter table (or false, message). -- Given 'unit' is a symbol (like 'g'), with an optional SI prefix (as in 'kg'). -- If, for example, 'kg' is in this table, that entry is used; otherwise prefix is applied. local t = self[unit] if t ~= nil then local result = clonetable(t) result.baseunit = unit result.prefix = "" return true, result end for plen = 2, 1, -1 do -- Check for longer prefix first ('dam' is decametre). local prefix = string.sub(unit, 1, plen) local si = SIprefixes[prefix] if si ~= nil then local baseunit = unit:sub(plen+1) local t = self[baseunit] if t ~= nil and t.prefixes == true then local result = clonetable(t) local pname = si.name -- LATER: is there no better way? result.name1 = pname .. result.name1 result.name1_us = pname .. result.name1_us result.name2 = pname .. result.name2 result.name2_us = pname .. result.name2_us result.baseunit = baseunit result.prefix = prefix result.scale = t.scale * 10^si.exponent return true, result end end end local msg = 'Unit %s is not known.[[Category:Convert unknown unit]]' return false, msg:format(unit) end, ["m2"] = { name1 = "square metre", name1_us = "square meter", name2 = "square metres", name2_us = "square meters", symbol = "m<sup>2</sup>", sym_us = "m<sup>2</sup>", utype = "area", scale = 1, offset = 0, default = "sqyd", }, ["a"] = { name1 = "are", name1_us = "are", name2 = "ares", name2_us = "ares", symbol = "a", sym_us = "a", utype = "area", scale = 100, offset = 0, prefixes = true, default = "acre", }, ["sqft"] = { name1 = "square foot", name1_us = "square foot", name2 = "square feet", name2_us = "square feet", symbol = "sq ft", sym_us = "sq ft", utype = "area", scale = 0.09290304, offset = 0, default = "m2", }, ["sqyd"] = { name1 = "square yard", name1_us = "square yard", name2 = "square yards", name2_us = "square yards", symbol = "sq yd", sym_us = "sq yd", utype = "area", scale = 0.83612736, offset = 0, default = "m2", }, ["acre"] = { name1 = "acre", name1_us = "acre", name2 = "acres", name2_us = "acres", symbol = "acre", sym_us = "acre", utype = "area", scale = 4046.8564224, offset = 0, default = "ha", }, ["m"] = { name1 = "metre", name1_us = "meter", name2 = "metres", name2_us = "meters", symbol = "m", sym_us = "m", utype = "length", scale = 1, offset = 0, prefixes = true, default = "ft", }, ["mi"] = { name1 = "mile", name1_us = "mile", name2 = "miles", name2_us = "miles", symbol = "mi", sym_us = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, offset = 0, default = "km", }, ["ft"] = { name1 = "foot", name1_us = "foot", name2 = "feet", name2_us = "feet", symbol = "ft", sym_us = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, offset = 0, default = "m", }, ["foot"] = { name1 = "foot", name1_us = "foot", name2 = "feet", name2_us = "feet", symbol = "ft", sym_us = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, offset = 0, default = "m", }, ["yd"] = { name1 = "yard", name1_us = "yard", name2 = "yards", name2_us = "yards", symbol = "yd", sym_us = "yd", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048 * 3, offset = 0, default = "m", }, ["in"] = { name1 = "inch", name1_us = "inch", name2 = "inches", name2_us = "inches", symbol = "in", sym_us = "in", utype = "length", scale = 0.0254, offset = 0, default = "cm", }, ["g"] = { name1 = "gram", name1_us = "gram", name2 = "grams", name2_us = "grams", symbol = "g", sym_us = "g", utype = "mass", scale = 0.001, offset = 0, prefixes = true, default = "oz", }, ["lb"] = { name1 = "pound", name1_us = "pound", name2 = "pounds", name2_us = "pounds", symbol = "lb", sym_us = "lb", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237, offset = 0, default = "kg", }, ["oz"] = { name1 = "ounce", name1_us = "ounce", name2 = "ounces", name2_us = "ounces", symbol = "oz", sym_us = "oz", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237/16, offset = 0, default = "g", }, ["ozt"] = { name1 = "troy ounce", name1_us = "troy ounce", name2 = "troy ounces", name2_us = "troy ounces", symbol = "ozt", sym_us = "ozt", utype = "mass", scale = 0.0311034768, offset = 0, default = "g", }, ["K"] = { name1 = "kelvin", name1_us = "kelvin", name2 = "kelvins", name2_us = "kelvins", symbol = "K", sym_us = "K", utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = 0, default = "C", }, ["C"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius", name1_us = "degree Celsius", name2 = "degrees Celsius", name2_us = "degrees Celsius", symbol = "°C", sym_us = "°C", utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = -273.15, default = "F", }, ["°C"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius", name1_us = "degree Celsius", name2 = "degrees Celsius", name2_us = "degrees Celsius", symbol = "°C", sym_us = "°C", utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = -273.15, default = "F", }, ["F"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit", name1_us = "degree Fahrenheit", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit", name2_us = "degrees Fahrenheit", symbol = "°F", sym_us = "°F", utype = "temperature", scale = 5/9, offset = 32-273.15*(9/5), default = "C", }, ["°F"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit", name1_us = "degree Fahrenheit", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit", name2_us = "degrees Fahrenheit", symbol = "°F", sym_us = "°F", utype = "temperature", scale = 5/9, offset = 32-273.15*(9/5), default = "C", }, ["m3"] = { name1 = "cubic metre", name1_us = "cubic meter", name2 = "cubic metres", name2_us = "cubic meters", symbol = "m<sup>3</sup>", sym_us = "m<sup>3</sup>", utype = "volume", scale = 1, offset = 0, default = "cuyd", }, ["l"] = { name1 = "litre", name1_us = "liter", name2 = "litres", name2_us = "liters", symbol = "l", sym_us = "l", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, offset = 0, prefixes = true, default = "imppt", }, ["L"] = { name1 = "litre", name1_us = "liter", name2 = "litres", name2_us = "liters", symbol = "L", sym_us = "L", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, offset = 0, prefixes = true, default = "imppt", }, ["cuyd"] = { name1 = "cubic yard", name1_us = "cubic yard", name2 = "cubic yards", name2_us = "cubic yards", symbol = "cu yd", sym_us = "cu yd", utype = "volume", scale = 0.764554857984, offset = 0, default = "m3", }, ["USgal"] = { name1 = "US gallon", name1_us = "U.S. gallon", name2 = "US gallons", name2_us = "U.S. gallons", symbol = "US gal", sym_us = "U.S. gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784, offset = 0, default = "L", }, ["USoz"] = { name1 = "US fluid ounce", name1_us = "U.S. fluid ounce", name2 = "US fluid ounces", name2_us = "U.S. fluid ounces", symbol = "US fl oz", sym_us = "U.S. fl oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784/128, offset = 0, default = "cL", }, ["USpt"] = { name1 = "U.S. pint", name1_us = "U.S. pint", name2 = "U.S. pints", name2_us = "U.S. pints", symbol = "US pt", sym_us = "US pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784/8, offset = 0, default = "dL", }, ["impgal"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon", name1_us = "imperial gallon", name2 = "imperial gallons", name2_us = "imperial gallons", symbol = "imp gal", sym_us = "imp gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00454609, offset = 0, default = "L", }, ["impoz"] = { name1 = "imperial fluid ounce", name1_us = "imperial fluid ounce", name2 = "imperial fluid ounces", name2_us = "imperial fluid ounces", symbol = "imp fl oz", sym_us = "imp fl oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00454609/160, offset = 0, default = "cL", }, ["imppt"] = { name1 = "imperial pint", name1_us = "imperial pint", name2 = "imperial pints", name2_us = "imperial pints", symbol = "imp pt", sym_us = "imp pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00454609/8, offset = 0, default = "dL", }, } local defaultunits = { lookup = function (self, unit_table) -- Return true, s where s = name of unit's default output unit (or false, message). local baseunit = unit_table.baseunit local prefix = unit_table.prefix local unit = prefix .. baseunit local default = self[unit] if default ~= nil then return true, default end t = units[baseunit] if t ~= nil then local default = t.default if default ~= nil then return true, default end end local msg = 'Unit %s has no default target conversion.[[Category:Convert unknown unit]]' return false, msg:format(unit) end, -- Prefixed units with a default different from that of the base unit. ['kg'] = 'lb', ['Mg'] = 'lb', ['Gg'] = 'lb', ['pm'] = 'in', ['nm'] = 'in', ['um'] = 'in', ['mm'] = 'in', ['cm'] = 'in', ['dm'] = 'in', ['dam'] = 'yd', ['Hm'] = 'yd', ['km'] = 'mi', ['Mm'] = 'mi', ['mL'] = 'impoz', ['cL'] = 'impoz', ['dL'] = 'impoz', ['daL'] = 'impgal', ['HL'] = 'impgal', } -------END DATA TABLES----- -- Configuration options to keep magic values in one location. local config = {} local function get_config(frame) -- Return table of configuration options. -- Unclear if this is currently needed, but it may help if adapting -- code for a different wiki. local cfg = {} -- Following settings are defaults that can be overridden by template. cfg.numdot = '.' -- decimal mark before fractional digits cfg.numsep = ',' -- thousands separator for numbers (',', '.', or nil) for k, v in frame:argumentPairs() do cfg[k] = v -- arguments from template's {{#invoke:}} end -- Following settings are mandatory (to limit abuse). cfg.maxsigfig = 20 -- maximum number of significant figures return cfg end local function withseparator(text) -- Return string for a number with thousand separators inserted. -- Parameter text is a string like "-12345" or "12345.6789". -- Separator is inserted only in the integer part (not in fraction). -- Four-digit integer parts have a separator (like "1,234"). local numsep = config.numsep if #numsep == 0 then return text end local function insert(text, first, last) local result = '' while last >= first do if last >= first + 3 then result = numsep .. text:sub(last-2, last) .. result last = last - 3 else return text:sub(first, last) .. result end end return result end local first = 1 local sign = text:sub(first, 1) if sign == '+' or sign == '-' then -- To handle Unicode minus (multibyte), perhaps use following: -- first = text:find('%d') first = 2 else sign = '' end local last = text:find(config.numdot, first, true) if last == nil then last = #text else last = last - 1 end return sign .. insert(text, first, last) .. text:sub(last+1) end local function formatnumber(value, sigfig) -- Return result of converting number 'value' to a string, -- rounded to 'sigfig' significant figures. local format = string.format local rep = string.rep local sign = '' local numdot = config.numdot local function zeropad(text, dot) count = sigfig - #text if count <= 0 then return text end return text .. dot .. rep('0', count) end if sigfig <= 0 then sigfig = 1 elseif sigfig > config.maxsigfig then sigfig = config.maxsigfig end if value == 0 then return zeropad('0', numdot) end if value < 0 then sign = '-' -- need proper Unicode minus value = -value end local digits local exp, frac = math.modf(math.log10(value)) if frac == 0 then -- Value 1 gives frac = 0, and 0.1 gives frac = -0 (negative zero). -- Both results give true in 'if frac == 0'. digits = zeropad('1', '') exp = exp + 1 -- adjust so dot is before digits else local prec = sigfig if value > 1 then prec = prec - 1 -- will be one sig fig before dot end digits = format(format('%%.%df', prec), 10^frac) if value < 1 then -- Is MediaWiki run in a locale where following might be '0,'? assert(digits:sub(1, 2) == '0.', 'Bug: rounded number not 0.xxx') digits = digits:sub(3) else if prec == 0 then assert(digits:find(numdot, 1, true) == nil, 'Bug: unexpected dot') else assert(digits:sub(2, 2) == numdot, 'Bug: rounded number not x.xxx') digits = digits:sub(1, 1) .. digits:sub(3) end exp = exp + 1 -- adjust so dot is before digits end end if exp >= #digits then digits = digits .. rep('0', exp - #digits) -- result has no dot elseif exp <= 0 then digits = '0' .. numdot .. rep('0', -exp) .. digits else digits = digits:sub(1, exp) .. numdot .. digits:sub(exp+1) end return sign .. digits end local function require_number(value, missing, invalid) -- Return true, n where n = number equivalent to given value (or false, message). -- Thousand separators (valid or not) are first removed. if value == nil then return false, missing end if type(value) == 'number' then return true, value end local numsep = config.numsep if #numsep > 0 then value = string.gsub(value, numsep, '') end local number = tonumber(value) if number == nil then return false, invalid:format(value) end return true, number end local function require_integer(value, missing, invalid) -- Return true, n where n = integer equivalent to given value (or false, message). local success, number = require_number(value, missing, invalid) if not success then return success, number end if number ~= math.floor(number) then return false, invalid:format(value) end return true, number end local function get_parms(pframe) -- Return true, t where t is a table with all arguments passed to the template -- converted to named arguments. The numeric args are used to add named args: -- in_text, in_text2 (strings given for value, value2) -- value, in_unit, out_unit, value2, range, round_to -- (except for range, which is nil or a table, the named args that are -- added here could be provided by the user of the template). local range_types = { -- text to separate input, output ranges ['and'] = {' and ', ' and '}, ['by'] = {' by ', ' by '}, ['to'] = {' to ', ' to '}, ['-'] = {'–', '–'}, ['to(-)'] = {' to ', '–'}, ['x'] = {' by ', ' × '}, ['+/-'] = {' ± ', ' ± '}, } local success, t local args = {} -- arguments passed to template for k, v in pframe:argumentPairs() do args[k] = v end args.in_text = args[1] success, t = require_number(args.in_text, 'Need value', 'Value "%s" must be a number') if not success then return success, t else args.value = t end local in_unit = args[2] local i = 3 local range = range_types[in_unit] if range ~= nil then args.in_text2 = args[3] success, t = require_number(args.in_text2, 'Need second value', 'Second value "%s" must be a number') if not success then return success, t else args.value2 = t end in_unit = args[4] i = 5 end local out_unit = args[i] local round_to = args[i+1] if in_unit == nil then return false, 'Need input unit' end args.in_unit = in_unit args.out_unit = out_unit args.range = range args.round_to = args.round_to or round_to -- allow named parameter return true, args end local function default_roundto(intext, factor) -- Return a default value for round_to (an integer like 2, 0, -2). -- prec = (precision implied in intext) -- = (#digits after dot, or negative of #zeroes before dot) -- If conversion is multiplication by a factor, and -- if factor >= 0.02, compensate prec by adding N where: -- N factor is in range -- 1 .02 : .2 = .1/5 : .1*2 -- 0 .2 : 2 = 1/5 : 1*2 -- -1 2 : 20 = 10/5 : 10*2 -- -2 20 : 200 = 100/5 : 100*2 etc. -- TODO Exception required for temperature. prec = 0 dot = intext:find('.', 1, true) if dot ~= nil then prec = intext:sub(dot+1):len() if prec == 0 then intext = intext:sub(1, -2) end end if prec == 0 then prec = -intext:match('0*$'):len() end if factor ~= nil and factor >= 0.02 then prec = prec - math.floor(math.log10(factor*5)) end return prec end local function scaled(value, in_unit, out_unit) -- Return scaled value for a simple convert. return (value - in_unit.offset) * (in_unit.scale / out_unit.scale) + out_unit.offset end local function cvtround(invalue, intext, parms) -- Return true, s where s = rounded, formatted string from converting invalue, -- using the rounding specified in parms (s = '' if invalue == nil). -- This code combines convert/round because some rounding requires -- knowledge of what we are converting. -- TODO Lots of checking required. Will need tweaks for special cases -- handled by old Template:Convert. -- TODO Limit values to avoid abuse (for example, can currently set -- round_to to very large values like 999). local text = '' if invalue == nil then return true, text end local outvalue = scaled(invalue, parms.in_unit_table, parms.out_unit_table) local round_to = parms.round_to local sigfig = parms.sigfig local disp = parms.disp local auto = false if round_to then -- Ignore sigfig, disp. success, round_to = require_integer(round_to, 'Need value', 'round_to "%s" must be an integer') if not success then return success, round_to end elseif sigfig then -- Ignore disp. success, sigfig = require_integer(sigfig, 'Need value', 'sigfig "%s" must be an integer') if not success then return success, sigfig end if sigfig <= 0 then msg = 'sigfig "%s" must be positive' return false, msg:format(parms.sigfig) end text = formatnumber(outvalue, sigfig) elseif disp == '5' then local negative = false if outvalue < 0 then negative = true outvalue = -outvalue end outvalue = math.floor((outvalue / 5) + 0.5) * 5 if negative then outvalue = -outvalue end text = string.format('%.0f', outvalue) else auto = true -- using default rounding -- TODO If conversion is not multiplication by a number, need factor = nil. local factor = outvalue / invalue round_to = default_roundto(intext, factor) end if round_to then if round_to >= 0 then if auto then -- TODO No less than two significant figures. end -- It seems format('%d', x) uses modf to extract integer from x -- with result '0' if x is 0 or -0 (negative zero). -- Using format('%.0f', x) gives '-0' if x is negative zero. local fmt = '%.' .. string.format('%d', round_to) .. 'f' text = string.format(fmt, outvalue) else -- This always keeps two sig figs. Should that be done if not auto? round_to = -round_to -- #digits that want to zero local maxzeroes = 0 -- maximum #digits that should be zeroed if outvalue > 100 then maxzeroes = math.modf(math.log10(outvalue)) - 1 end if round_to > maxzeroes then round_to = maxzeroes end if round_to > 0 then local scaled = string.format('%.0f', outvalue/(10^round_to)) text = scaled .. string.rep('0', round_to) else text = formatnumber(outvalue, 2) -- can't zero digits; keep 2 sig figs end end end return true, withseparator(text) end local disp_single = { ['or'] = '%s %s or %s %s', ['sqbr'] = '%s %s [%s %s]', ['comma'] = '%s %s, %s %s', ['slash'] = '%s %s / %s %s', ['s'] = '%s %s / %s %s', ['b'] = '%s %s (%s %s)', } local disp_double = { ['or'] = '%s%s%s %s or %s%s%s %s', ['sqbr'] = '%s%s%s %s [%s%s%s %s]', ['comma'] = '%s%s%s %s, %s%s%s %s', ['slash'] = '%s%s%s %s / %s%s%s %s', ['s'] = '%s%s%s %s / %s%s%s %s', ['b'] = '%s%s%s %s (%s%s%s %s)', } local function process(parms) -- Return true, s where s = final wikitext result (or false, message). local success, t success, t = units:lookup(parms.in_unit) if not success then return success, t else parms.in_unit_table = t end if parms.out_unit == nil then -- need to catch empty string also? success, t = defaultunits:lookup(parms.in_unit_table) if not success then return success, t else parms.out_unit = t end end success, t = units:lookup(parms.out_unit) if not success then return success, t else parms.out_unit_table = t end if parms.in_unit_table.utype ~= parms.out_unit_table.utype then local msg = 'Cannot convert %s to %s.[[Category:Convert dimension mismatch]]' return false, msg:format(parms.in_unit_table.utype, parms.out_unit_table.utype) end local intext1, outtext1 = parms.in_text, nil local intext2, outtext2 = parms.in_text2, nil success, outtext1 = cvtround(parms.value, intext1, parms) if not success then return success, outtext1 end success, outtext2 = cvtround(parms.value2, intext2, parms) if not success then return success, outtext2 end local range = parms.range local disp = parms.disp local wikitext intext1 = withseparator(intext1) -- TODO what if intext1 already has commas? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- TODO Clean up following (a first try at using proper names/symbols). local inkey, outkey, symkey = 'name2', 'name2', 'symbol' if parms.value == 1 then inkey = 'name1' end local outvalue = 2 -- dummy value if outvalue == 1 then -- TODO need to know if value from cvtround needs singular or plural name outkey = 'name1' end if parms.sp == 'us' then inkey = inkey .. '_us' outkey = outkey .. '_us' symkey = 'sym_us' end local in_name = parms.in_unit_table[inkey] -- will not need to calculate all of these local in_symbol = parms.in_unit_table[symkey] local out_name = parms.out_unit_table[outkey] local out_symbol = parms.out_unit_table[symkey] local abbr = parms.abbr local in_id, out_id if abbr == 'on' then -- all symbols in_id = in_symbol out_id = out_symbol elseif abbr == 'off' then -- all names in_id = in_name out_id = out_name elseif abbr == 'in' then -- input symbols in_id = in_symbol out_id = out_symbol elseif abbr == 'out' then -- output symbols [is this just the default?] in_id = in_name out_id = out_symbol elseif abbr == 'values' then -- show only values -- LATER elseif abbr == 'mos' then -- for ranges, abbreviate with input unit repeated -- LATER else -- default in_id = in_name out_id = out_symbol end if range == nil then if disp == 'output only' then wikitext = '%s %s' wikitext = wikitext:format(outtext1, out_id) elseif disp == 'output number only' or disp == 'number' then wikitext = outtext1 elseif disp == 'unit' then wikitext = in_id elseif disp == 'unit2' then wikitext = out_id elseif disp == 'flip' then wikitext = disp_single['b'] wikitext = wikitext:format(outtext1, out_id, intext1, in_id) else wikitext = disp_single[disp] or disp_single['b'] wikitext = wikitext:format(intext1, in_id, outtext1, out_id) end else -- TODO Need in_id, out_id (and more) here. wikitext = disp_double[disp] or disp_double['b'] wikitext = wikitext:format(intext1, range[1], intext2, in_id, outtext1, range[2], outtext2, out_id) end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- return true, wikitext end -- Used by template {{convert2}}. -- We will have to keep old {{convert}} for a long time, and run -- {{convert2}} in parallel with {{convert}} while testing/developing. local p = {} local bodge = require "Module:mw" -- This fixes up mw.text.tag for us. function p.convert(frame) config = get_config(frame) local pframe = frame:getParent() local parms, text success, parms = get_parms(pframe) if success then success, text = process(parms) end if not success then local params = {style="color:black; background-color:orange;"} text=mw.text.tag({name="span", contents="[[Module talk:Convert|Conversion error]]: " .. text, params=params}) end return text end return p